Uma ingane iba nekhala eligobhozayo, ukukhwehlela, noma umkhuhlane, abazali abaningi bacabanga ngokwemvelo ngomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane. Kodwa ingxenye enkulu yalezi zifo zokuphefumula—ikakhulukazi lezo ezinzima kakhulu—ibangelwa yigciwane elingaziwa kangako:I-Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV).
Kusukela ekutholakaleni kwayo ngo-2001, i-hMPV ivele njengomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni wonke ezifweni zokuphefumula, ingathinteli izingane kuphela kodwa nabantu abadala kanye nabantu abanezifo zokuzivikela zomzimba ezingasebenzi kahle.
Ukuqaphela umthelela wangempela we-hMPV kubalulekile—hhayi ukukhulisa ukwesaba, kodwa ukuqinisa ukuqwashisa, ukuthuthukisa ukwenza izinqumo zezokwelapha, futhi ekugcineni kuncishiswe umthwalo ezinhlelweni zezempilo kanye nabantu abasengozini.
Isikali Esingaphansi Kwesilinganiso se-hMPV
Nakuba kuvame ukufihlwa ezigabeni ezibanzi ezifana "nezifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa amagciwane," idatha yembula ukubaluleka okukhulu kwe-hMPV empilweni yomphakathi:
Imbangela Ehamba Phambili Ezinganeni:
Ngo-2018 kuphela, i-hMPV yayinesibopho sokwenza lokhuukutheleleka okunamandla kokuphefumula okuphansi okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-14futhiamakhulu ezinkulungwane zokulaliswa esibhedlelaezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu.
Emhlabeni jikelele, ibizwa njalo ngokuthiimbangela yesibili evame kakhulu yegciwane le-pneumonia ebucayi ebuntwaneni, ngemva kwe-Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
Umthwalo Obalulekile Kwabantu Abadala:
Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu babhekene nengozi enkulu yokulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa ye-hMPV, evame ukuba ne-pneumonia kanye nokucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula. Izinga eliphezulu lesizini—ngokuvamile kuubusika kanye nentwasahlobo—kungabeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezinkonzweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Inselele Yokutheleleka Okuhlangene:
Ngenxa yokuthi i-hMPV ivame ukujikeleza kanye nomkhuhlane, i-RSV, kanye ne-SARS-CoV-2, ukutheleleka ngakunye kwenzeka futhi kungaholela ekuguleni okubi kakhulu ngenkathi kucindezela ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa.
Kungani i-hMPV Ingaphezu Kokuthi “Umkhuhlane Nje”
Kwabantu abaningi abadala abanempilo enhle, i-hMPV ingase ifane nomkhuhlane omncane. Kodwa ubukhali bangempela begciwane busekubeniukuthambekela kokutheleleka kwendlela yokuphefumula engezansikanye nomthelela wayo emaqenjini athile asengozini enkulu.
Uhlobo Olubanzi Lokugula
i-hMPV ingabangela:I-Bronchiolitis; I-Pneumonia; Ukubhebhetheka okukhulu kwe-asthma; Ukubhebhetheka kwesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD)
Izibalo zabantu ezisengcupheni enkulu
-Izinsana Nezingane Ezincane:
Izindlela zabo zokuphefumula ezincane zisengozini enkulu yokuvuvukala nokuqongelela kwamafinyila.
-Abantu Abadala:
Ukwehla kokuzivikela komzimba kanye nezifo ezingamahlalakhona kwandisa ukuthambekela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
-Iziguli Ezingavikelekile Emzimbeni:
Laba bantu bangase babe nezifo ezithathelwanayo isikhathi eside, ezinzima, noma eziphindaphindayo.
Inselele Eyinhloko: Igebe Lokuxilonga
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani i-hMPV ingaqashelwa kahle yi-ukuntuleka kokuhlolwa okuvamile, okuqondene negciwaneezindaweni eziningi zezokwelapha. Izimpawu zayo cishe azifani nezinye izifo zokuphefumula, okuholela ku:
-Ukuxilongwa Okungatholakali Noma Okulibazisekile
Amacala amaningi abizwa ngokuthi “ukutheleleka ngegciwane.”
-Ukuphathwa Okungafanele
Lokhu kungafaka phakathi imithi engadingekile yokwelapha ngama-antibiotic kanye namathuba aphuthelwe okunakekelwa okufanele okusekelayo noma ukulawula ukutheleleka.
-Ukungabhekwa Komthwalo Wezifo Wangempela
Ngaphandle kwedatha yokuxilonga enembile, umthelela we-hMPV uhlala ufihliwe kakhulu ezibalweni zezempilo zomphakathi.
I-RT-PCR ihlala iyindinganiso yegolide yokuthola, okugqamisa isidingo sezixazululo zokuhlola ama-molecule ezifinyeleleka kalula futhi ezihlanganisiwe.
Ukuvala Igebe: Ukuguqula Ukuqwashisa Kube Yisenzo
Ukuthuthukisa imiphumela ye-hMPV kudinga kokubili ukuqwashisa okukhulu kwezokwelapha kanye nokufinyelela ekuxilongweni okusheshayo nokunembile.
1. Ukuqinisa Ukusola Kwezokwelapha
Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele bacabangele i-hMPV lapho behlola iziguli—ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, abantu abadala, kanye nabantu abanezifo zokuzivikela komzimba—ngezikhathi zokuphefumula eziphakeme.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kokuxilonga Okunesu
Ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwama-molecule okusheshayo nokune-multiplex kwenza:
Ukunakekelwa Kwesiguli Okuqondiwe
Ukwelashwa okusekelayo okufanele kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic okungadingekile.
Ukulawulwa Okusebenzayo Kokutheleleka
Ukuqoqa abantu ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokuhlukaniswa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqubuka kwezibhedlela.
Ukuqapha Okuthuthukisiwe
Ukuqonda okucacile kwezifo zokuphefumula ezijikelezayo, okusekela ukulungela impilo yomphakathi.
3. Izixazululo Zokuxilonga Ezintsha
Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Uhlelo Lokuthola I-Nucleic Acid Oluzenzakalelayo Ngokugcwele lwe-AIO800bhekana ngqo nezikhala zamanje.
Le nkundla "yokufaka isampula, impendulo" itholai-hMPV kanye nezinye izifo ezivamile zokuphefumula eziyi-13—kufaka phakathi amagciwane omkhuhlane, i-RSV, kanye ne-SARS-CoV-2—ngaphakathicishe imizuzu engama-30.
Ukuhamba Komsebenzi Okuzenzakalelayo Ngokugcwele
Isikhathi esingaphansi kwemizuzu emi-5 sokusebenza ngezandla. Asikho isidingo sabasebenzi abanekhono bama-molecule.
- Imiphumela Esheshayo
Isikhathi sokulungisa semizuzu engama-30 sisekela izilungiselelo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo.
- 14Ukutholwa Kwe-Pathogen Multiplex
Ukuhlonza ngesikhathi esisodwa:
Amagciwane:I-COVID-19,Influenza A & B,RSV,Adv,hMPV,Rhv,Parainfluenza izinhlobo I-IV,HBoV,EV,CoV
Amagciwane:MP,I-Cpn,SP
-Ama-reagent afakwe i-Lyophilized Azinzile Emazingeni Okushisa Egumbini (2–30°C)
Kwenza kube lula ukugcina kanye nokuthuthwa, kuqede ukuncika ku-cold chain.
Uhlelo Lokuvimbela Ukungcola Oluqinile
Izindlela zokulwa nokungcola ezinezingqimba eziyi-11 okuhlanganisa ukubulala izinambuzane nge-UV, ukuhlunga i-HEPA, kanye nokuhamba komsebenzi we-closed-cartridge, njll.
Kungaguquguquka Kuzo Zonke Izilungiselelo
Ilungele amalabhorethri ezibhedlela, iminyango yezimo eziphuthumayo, ama-CDC, imitholampilo ephathwayo, kanye nemisebenzi yasensimini.
Izixazululo ezinjalo zinika odokotela amandla ngemiphumela esheshayo nethembekile engaqondisa izinqumo ezifika ngesikhathi nezinolwazi.
i-hMPV iyi-pathogen evamile ene-umthelela ongajwayelekile ukunganakwaUkuqonda ukuthi i-hMPV idlula “umkhuhlane ovamile” kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela yezempilo yokuphefumula.
Ngokuhlanganisaukuqapha okukhulu kwezokwelaphangeamathuluzi okuxilonga athuthukile, izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zingabona ngokunembile i-hMPV, zithuthukise ukunakekelwa kweziguli, futhi zinciphise umthwalo wayo obalulekile kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-08-2025