Kusukela ngoMeyi 2022, amacala e-mpox abikwe emazweni amaningi angatholakali kalula emhlabeni lapho kuthelelwana khona umphakathi.
Ngomhlaka-26 Agasti, i-World Health Organization (WHO) yethule uhlelo lokuhlola umhlaba wonkeUhlelo Lokulungiselela Amasu Nokuphendulaukuvimba ukuqubuka kokudluliselwa kwe-mpox kubantu ngemizamo ehlanganisiwe yomhlaba wonke, yesifunda, neyezwe. Lokhu kulandela isimemezelo sesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo yomphakathi esikhathazayo emhlabeni wonke nguMqondisi-Jikelele we-WHO ngomhlaka-14 Agasti.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuqubuka kwe-mpox kulokhu kuhlukile kunalokho okwango-2022, okwakusakazeka kakhulu phakathi kwabesilisa abalala nabesilisa, futhi izinga lokufa kwabantu abangenwe yileli gciwane lalingaphansi kuka-1%.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-“Clade Ib”, oluyinhlobo ye-Clade I, lunezinga eliphezulu lokufa. Lolu hlobo olusha lwaqala ukusabalala e-DRC ngoSepthemba odlule, ekuqaleni phakathi kwabathengisa ngomzimba, futhi manje selusabalale nakwamanye amaqembu, kanti izingane zisengozini enkulu.
I-Africa CDC ithe embikweni ngenyanga edlule ukuthi ukuqubuka kwe-mpox kutholakale emazweni ayi-10 ase-Afrika kulo nyaka, okuhlanganisa ne-DRC, ebike ama-96.3% azo zonke izimo e-Afrika kulo nyaka kanye nama-97% abantu abashonile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi cishe ama-70% amacala e-DRC ngabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-15, futhi leli qembu libanga ama-85% abantu abashonile ezweni.
I-Mpox iyisifo se-zoonosis esibangelwa yigciwane le-mpox esinesikhathi sokufukamela izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwezingama-21, ikakhulukazi izinsuku ezi-6 kuya kwezingu-13. Umuntu onegciwane uzoba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nama-lymph node avuvukele, kulandelwe ukuqubuka ebusweni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okuthi kancane kancane kukhule kube ama-pustules futhi kuhlale cishe isonto ngaphambi kokuba kube nokhwekhwe. Icala liyathelelana kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu kuze kube yilapho ukhwekhwe luphuma ngokwemvelo.
I-Macro & Micro-Test inikeza izivivinyo ezisheshayo, ama-molecular kit kanye nezixazululo zokulandelana kokutholwa kwegciwane le-mpox, okusiza ekuxilongweni kwegciwane le-mpox ngesikhathi, ukuqapha imvelaphi yalo, uhlu lozalo, ukudluliselwa kanye nokwehluka kwezakhi zofuzo:
I-Antigen yegciwane le-MonkeypoxIkhithi Yokuthola (I-Immunochromatography)
Ukusampula okulula (isampula yoketshezi lokuqubuka/umphimbo) kanye nomphumela osheshayo zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-10-15;
Ukuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD engu-20pg/mL ehlanganisa i-Clade I no-II；
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu okungenawo ukusabela okuxubile negciwane le-smallpox, igciwane le-varicella zoster, igciwane le-rubella, igciwane le-herpes simplex, njll.
I-OPA engu-96.4% uma iqhathaniswa ne-NAATs;
Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi njengempahla yamasiko, ama-CDC, amakhemisi, imitholampilo, izibhedlela noma ekhaya.
Ikhithi Yokuthola Ama-Antibody e-Monkeypox-virus IgM/IgG(I-Immunochromatographhy)
Ukusebenza okulula okungenazo izinsimbi kanye nomphumela osheshayo kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10;
Ukuzwela okuphezulu kanye nokucaciswa okumboza i-Clade I & II；
Ikhomba i-IgM kanye ne-IgG ukuze inqume izigaba zokutheleleka kwe-mpox;
Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi njengempahla yamasiko, ama-CDC, amakhemisi, imitholampilo, izibhedlela noma ekhaya;
Kufanelekile ukuhlolwa okukhulu kokutheleleka okusolwayo kwe-mpox.
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Monkeypox Virus Nucleic Acid (Ukukhulisa I-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal)
Ukuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD yamakhophi angu-200/mL ene-IC, okulingana ne-PCR ye-florescence;
Ukusebenza okulula: Isampula efakwe i-lysed ingezwe kushubhu ye-reagent e-lyophilized ukuze kukhuliswe ngqo uma kudingeka okunikwe amandla amamojula azimele e-Easy Amp System;
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusabela okuhlangene negciwane le-smallpox, igciwane lokugoma, igciwane le-cowpox, igciwane le-mousepox, igciwane le-herpes simplex, igciwane le-varicella-zoster, kanye ne-genome yomuntu, njll.;
Ukusampula okulula (uketshezi lwe-rash/i-oropharyngeal swab) kanye nomphumela omuhle osheshayo ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-5;
Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezokwelapha okumboza i-Clade I & II ene-PPA engu-100%, i-NPA engu-100%, i-OPA engu-100% kanye ne-Kappa Value engu-1.000 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Fluorescence PCR kit;
Inguqulo ethambile edinga ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa legumbi kuphela ivumela ukufinyeleleka kuzo zonke izifunda;
Izimo eziguquguqukayo emitholampilo, esikhungweni sezempilo, kanye ne-Easy Amp yokuthola lapho kudingeka;
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Monkeypox Virus Nucleic Acid (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Izakhi zofuzo ezimbili eziqondiswe ngokuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD yamakhophi angu-200/mL;
Ukuthatha isampula eguquguqukayo yoketshezi lokuqubuka, i-swab yomphimbo kanye ne-serum;
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusabela okuhlangene negciwane le-smallpox, igciwane lokugoma, igciwane le-cowpox, igciwane le-mousepox, igciwane le-herpes simplex, igciwane le-varicella-zoster, kanye ne-genome yomuntu, njll.;
Ukusebenza okulula: i-lysis yesampula esheshayo nge-reagent yokukhululwa kwesampula ezongezwa eshubhu lokusabela;
Ukutholwa okusheshayo: umphumela ungakapheli imizuzu engama-40;
Ukunemba kuqinisekiswa ukulawula kwangaphakathi okuqondisa yonke inqubo yokuthola;
Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezokwelapha okuhlanganisa i-Clade I & II ene-PPA engu-100%, i-NPA engu-99.40%, i-OPA engu-99.64% kanye ne-Kappa Value engu-0.9923 uma kuqhathaniswa nokulandelana;
Inguqulo ethambile edinga ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa legumbi kuphela ivumela ukufinyeleleka kuzo zonke izifunda;
Iyahambisana nezinhlelo ze-PCR ze-Fluorescence ezijwayelekile;
Izimo eziguquguqukayo zezibhedlela, ama-CDC kanye nama-lab;
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Nucleic Acid Ye-Orthopox Virus Universal Type/Monkeypox Virus (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Ukumbozwa okugcwele: kuhlola wonke amagciwane amane e-orthopox angatheleleka kubantu kanye ne-mpox evame kakhulu (kufaka phakathi i-Clade I&II) esivivinyweni esisodwa ukuze kugwenywe ukutholakala okungafanele;
Ukuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD yamakhophi angu-200/mL;
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusabela okuhlangene nezinye izifo ezibangela ukuqubuka okufana negciwane le-herpes simplex, igciwane le-varicella-zoster, kanye ne-genome yomuntu, njll.;
Ukusebenza okulula: i-lysis yesampula esheshayo nge-reagent yokukhululwa kwesampula ezongezwa ku-buffer yokusabela kwe-single tube;
Ukutholwa okusheshayo: ukukhulisa okusheshayo okunomphumela kungakapheli imizuzu engama-40;
Ukunemba kuqinisekiswa ukulawula kwangaphakathi okuqondisa yonke inqubo yokuthola;
Iyahambisana nezinhlelo ze-PCR ze-Fluorescence ezijwayelekile;
Izimo eziguquguqukayo zezibhedlela, ama-CDC kanye nama-lab;
I-MonkeypoxVi-irus Ti-ypingNi-ucleicAi-cidDukubophaKyona (Fi-luorescence PCR)
Ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlonza i-Clade I ne-Clade II, okubalulekile ekuqondeni izici ze-epidemiological zegciwane, ukulandelela ukudluliswa kwalo, kanye nokwakha izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula eziqondiwe.
Ukuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD yamakhophi angu-200/mL;
Ukuthatha isampula eguquguqukayo yoketshezi lokuqubuka, i-oropharyngeal swab kanye ne-serum;
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusabela okuhlanganisiwe phakathi kweClade I ne-II, ezinye izifo ezibangela ukuqubuka njengegciwane le-herpes simplex, igciwane le-varicella-zoster, kanye ne-genome yomuntu, njll.;
Ukusebenza okulula: i-lysis yesampula esheshayo nge-reagent yokukhululwa kwesampula ezongezwa ku-buffer yokusabela kwe-single tube;
Ukutholwa okusheshayo: umphumela ungakapheli imizuzu engama-40;
Ukunemba kuqinisekiswa ukulawula kwangaphakathi okuqondisa yonke inqubo yokuthola;
Inguqulo ethambile edinga ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa legumbi kuphela ivumela ukufinyeleleka kuzo zonke izifunda;
Iyahambisana nezinhlelo ze-PCR ze-Fluorescence ezijwayelekile;
Izimo eziguquguqukayo zezibhedlela, ama-CDC kanye nama-lab;
I-Genome Ephelele Yegciwane LenkawuUkutholwaIkhithi (Ama-Multi-PCR NGS)
I-Monkeypox Virus Whole Genome Detection Kit esanda kuthuthukiswa yi-Macro & Micro-Test yezimo ezahlukene, kuhlanganiswe ne-ONT nanopore sequencer, ingathola i-MPXV whole genome sequence ngokumbozwa okungenani okungu-98% zingakapheli amahora angu-8.
Kulula ukuyisebenzisa: ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa isinyathelo esisodwa obunelungelo lobunikazi, lonke uchungechunge lwe-genome lwegciwane le-mpox lungatholakala ngokukhulisa okukodwa;
Izwela futhi inembile: ithola amasampula aphansi kuya ku-32CT, futhi ukulandelana kwe-nanopore ye-amplicon engu-600bp kungahlangabezana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-genome kwekhwalithi ephezulu;
I-Ultra-fast: I-ONT ingaqeda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-genome zingakapheli amahora angu-6-8;
Ukuhambisana okubanzi: ne-ONT, i-Qi Carbon, i-SALUS Pro, i-lllumina, i-MGI nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekilendkanye no-3rdabahleli bezizukulwane.
Izwela kakhuluI-Genome Yonke Yegciwane LenkawuUkutholwaIkhithi-I-Illumina/MGI(Ama-Multi-PCR NGS)
Ngokuphathelene nenani elikhulu lalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezikhonandAma-sequencer esizukulwane emhlabeni jikelele, i-Macro & Micro-Test iphinde yakha ama-kit azwela kakhulu avumelana nama-sequencer ajwayelekile ukuze kufezwe ukulandelana kwe-genome yegciwane lesampulu yokuhlushwa okuphansi;
Ukukhulisa okusebenzayo: amabhangqa angu-1448 edizayini ye-primer ye-amplicon engu-200bp ebanzi kakhulu ukuze kusebenze kahle ukukhulisa okuphezulu kanye nokumbozwa okufanayo;
Ukusebenza okulula: Umtapo wezincwadi we-Mpox virus llumina/MGI ungatholakala ngokukhulisa okuphindwe kabili emahoreni ama-4, ugweme izinyathelo zokwakha umtapo wezincwadi eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko ze-reagent;
Ukuzwela okuphezulu: kuthola amasampula aphansi kuya ku-35CT, okugwema ngempumelelo imiphumela emibi engamanga ebangelwa ukuwohloka kwezingcezu noma inombolo ephansi yamakhophi;
Ukuhambisana okubanzi ne-mainstream 2ndama-sequencer esizukulwane njenge-lllumina, i-Salus Pro noma i-MGI;Kuze kube manje, amacala omtholampilo angaphezu kuka-400 aseqediwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-28-2024