Kusukela ngoMeyi 2022, amacala e-mpox abikwe emazweni amaningi angewona amagciwane emhlabeni jikelele ngokudluliselwa komphakathi.
Ngomhla zingama-26 kuNcwaba, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) yethule uhlelo lomhlaba jikeleleIsu Lokulungiselela Nokusabelaukumisa ukuqubuka kokudluliselwa kwe-pox kumuntu ngemizamo edidiyelwe yomhlaba wonke, yesifunda, neyezwe. Lokhu kulandela isimemezelo sesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo yomphakathi esikhathaza amazwe ngamazwe nguMqondisi-Jikelele we-WHO mhla ziyi-14 kuNcwaba.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuqubuka kwempox kulesi sikhathi kwehlukile kunangonyaka wezi-2022, obekubhebhetheka kakhulu kwabesilisa abalala namadoda, kanti izinga lokushona kwabantu abanaleli gciwane belingaphansi kuka-1%.
Uhlobo lwakamuva oluvame kakhulu lwe-“Clade Ib”, okuhlukile kwe-Clade I, linenani lokufa eliphezulu. Lokhu kuhluka okusha kwaqala ukusabalala e-DRC ngoSepthemba odlule, kwaqala kwaba ngabathengisa ngomzimba, futhi manje sekusabalele nakwamanye amaqembu, izingane ezisengozini enkulu.
I-Africa CDC ithe embikweni wanyanga edlule i-mpox itholakale emazweni angu-10 ase-Afrika kulo nyaka, okuhlanganisa ne-DRC, ebike ukuthi i-96.3% yazo zonke izigameko e-Afrika kulo nyaka kanye nama-97% abantu abashonile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi cishe u-70% wamacala e-DRC izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15, futhi leli qembu lihlanganisa u-85% wokufa kwabantu ezweni.
I-Mpox i-zoonosis ebangelwa igciwane le-mpox elinesikhathi sokufukamela izinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-21, izikhathi eziningi izinsuku ezingu-6 kuya kweziyi-13. Umuntu onaleli gciwane uzoba nezimpawu ezifana nemfiva, ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nama-lymph nodes avuvukele, okulandelwa ukuqubuka ebusweni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kancane kancane akhule abe ama-pustules futhi aqhubeke isikhathi esingangesonto ngaphambi kokuba akhwelwe. Icala liyathathelana kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu kuze kube yilapho utwayi luwa ngokwemvelo.
I-Macro & Micro-Test ihlinzeka ngokuhlolwa okusheshayo, izinsiza zamangqamuzana nezixazululo zokulandelana zokutholwa kwegciwane le-mpox, kusiza ukuhlonza igciwane le-mpox ngesikhathi, ukugadwa kwemvelaphi yalo, uhlu lozalo, ukudluliswa nokuhlukahluka kohlobo lwe-genomic:
I-Monkeypox Virus AntigenIkhithi Yokuthola (I-Immunochromatography)
Isampula elula (isampula ye-rash fluid / emphinjeni) kanye nomphumela osheshayo phakathi kwe-10-15 min;
Ukuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD ye-20pg/mL emboza i-Clade I & II;
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu okungenayo i-cross-reactivity ne-virus yengxibongo, i-varicella zoster virus, i-rubella virus, i-herpes simplex virus, njll.
I-OPA yama-96.4% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-NAAT;
Isicelo esibanzi njengamasiko, ama-CDC, amakhemisi, imitholampilo, izibhedlela noma ekhaya.
Ikhithi Yokubona I-Monkeypox-virus ye-IgM/IgG(I-Immunochromatographyhy)
Ukusebenza kwamahhala kwamahhala kanye nomphumela osheshayo phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10;
Ukuzwela okuphezulu nokucaciswa okumboza i-Clade I & II;
Ihlonza i-IgM ne-IgG ukuze inqume izigaba zokutheleleka nge-mpox;
Isicelo esibanzi njengamasiko, ama-CDC, amakhemisi, imitholampilo, izibhedlela noma ekhaya;
Ifanele ukuhlolwa okukhulu kokutheleleka nge-mpox okusolwayo.
I-Monkeypox Virus Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (I-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification)
Ukuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD yamakhophi angu-200/mL ene-IC, kulingana ne-florescence PCR;
Ukusebenza okulula: Isampula e-lysed yengezwe kushubhu ye-lyophilized reagent ukuze kukhuliswe okufunwayo ngqo okunikwe amandla amamojula azimele we-Easy Amp System;
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenza kabusha okuphambene negciwane lengxibongo, igciwane lokugoma, igciwane lenkomo, igciwane legundane, igciwane le-herpes simplex, igciwane le-varicella-zoster, ne-genome yomuntu, njll.;
Isampula elula (i-rash fluid/oropharyngeal swab) kanye nomphumela omuhle osheshayo phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5;
Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu komtholampilo okuhlanganisa i-Clade I & II ene-PPA engu-100%, i-NPA ka-100%, i-OPA engu-100% kanye Nenani le-Kappa lika-1.000 uma liqhathaniswa nekhithi ye-Fluorescence PCR;
Inguqulo ye-Lyophilized edinga ukuthuthwa kwezinga lokushisa legumbi kuphela kanye nesitoreji yenza kufinyeleleke kuzo zonke izifunda;
Izimo eziguquguqukayo emitholampilo, esikhungweni sezempilo, kanye ne-Easy Amp ukuze kutholwe lapho kudingeka khona;
I-Monkeypox Virus Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR)
Izakhi zofuzo ezimbaxambili ezihloselwe ukuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD yamakhophi angu-200/mL;
Isampula eguquguqukayo ye-rash fluid, i-throat swab kanye ne-serum;
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenza kabusha okuphambene negciwane lengxibongo, igciwane lokugoma, igciwane lenkomo, igciwane legundane, igciwane le-herpes simplex, igciwane le-varicella-zoster, ne-genome yomuntu, njll.;
Ukusebenza okulula: isampula esheshayo ye-lysis ngesampula yokukhululwa kwe-reagent ezongezwa kushubhu yokusabela;
Ukutholwa ngokushesha: umphumela phakathi kwemizuzu engama-40;
Ukunemba okuqinisekiswe ukulawula kwangaphakathi okugada yonke inqubo yokuthola;
Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu komtholampilo okuhlanganisa i-Clade I & II ene-PPA engu-100%, i-NPA engu-99.40%, i-OPA engu-99.64% kanye Nenani le-Kappa lika-0.9923 uma liqhathaniswa nokulandelanisa;
Inguqulo ye-Lyophilized edinga ukuthuthwa kwezinga lokushisa legumbi kuphela kanye nesitoreji yenza kufinyeleleke kuzo zonke izifunda;
Ihambisana ne-Fluorescence PCR Systems ejwayelekile;
Izimo eziguquguqukayo zezibhedlela, ama-CDC namalebhu;
I-Orthopox Virus Universal Type/Monkeypox Virus Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR)
Ukumbozwa okugcwele: ihlola wonke amagciwane angu-4 we-orthopox angangena kumuntu kanye ne-mpox evame kakhulu (i-Clade I&II ifakiwe) ekuhlolweni okukodwa ukuze kugwenywe ukutholakala okugejiwe;
Ukuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD yamakhophi angu-200/mL;
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenza kabusha okuphambene namanye amagciwane abangela ukuqubuka njengegciwane le-herpes simplex, igciwane le-varicella-zoster, ne-genome yomuntu, njll.;
Ukusebenza okulula: isampula esheshayo ye-lysis ngesampula yokukhululwa kwe-reagent ezongezwa ku-single tube reaction buffer;
Ukutholwa ngokushesha: ukukhulisa ngokushesha okunomphumela phakathi kwemizuzu engama-40;
Ukunemba okuqinisekiswe ukulawula kwangaphakathi okugada yonke inqubo yokuthola;
Ihambisana ne-Fluorescence PCR Systems ejwayelekile;
Izimo eziguquguqukayo zezibhedlela, ama-CDC namalebhu;
InkawuVirus TypingNucleicAcidDetectionKyona (Fi-luorescence PCR)
Ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlonza i-Clade I kanye ne-Clade II, ebalulekile ekuqondeni izici ze-epidemiological zegciwane, ukulandelela ukudluliswa kwalo, kanye nokwenza izinyathelo ezihlosiwe zokuvimbela nokulawula.
Ukuzwela okuphezulu nge-LoD yamakhophi angu-200/mL;
Isampula eguquguqukayo ye-rash fluid, i-oropharyngeal swab kanye ne-serum;
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kwe-cross reactivity phakathi kwe-Clade I kanye ne-II, amanye amagciwane abangela ukuqubuka njenge-herpes simplex virus, i-varicella-zoster virus, ne-genome yomuntu, njll.;
Ukusebenza okulula: isampula esheshayo ye-lysis ngesampula yokukhululwa kwe-reagent ezongezwa ku-single tube reaction buffer;
Ukutholwa ngokushesha: umphumela phakathi kwemizuzu engama-40;
Ukunemba okuqinisekiswe ukulawula kwangaphakathi okugada yonke inqubo yokuthola;
Inguqulo ye-Lyophilized edinga ukuthuthwa kwezinga lokushisa legumbi kuphela kanye nesitoreji yenza kufinyeleleke kuzo zonke izifunda;
Ihambisana ne-Fluorescence PCR Systems ejwayelekile;
Izimo eziguquguqukayo zezibhedlela, ama-CDC namalebhu;
I-Monkey Virus Universal Whole GenomeUkutholwaIkhithi (Multi-PCR NGS)
Ikhithi esanda kwakhiwa yeMonkeypox Virus Whole Genome Detection Kit by Macro & Micro-Test yezimo ezihlukene, kuhlanganiswe ne-ONT nanopore sequencer, ingathola ukulandelana kofuzo okuphelele kwe-MPXV nokufakwa okungengaphansi kwama-98% phakathi namahora angu-8.
Kulula ukusebenza: ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa isinyathelo esisodwa esinelungelo lobunikazi, ukulandelana kwegenome kwegciwane le-mpox kungatholwa ngokukhulisa okuyindilinga eyodwa;
Kuyazwela futhi kunembile: ithola amasampula aphansi ukuya ku-32CT, futhi ukulandelana kwe-amplicon nanopore okungu-600bp kungahlangabezana nokuhlanganiswa kwegenome kwekhwalithi ephezulu;
Ukushesha kakhulu: I-ONT ingaqeda ukuhlanganisa i-genome phakathi namahora angu-6-8;
Ukuhambisana okubanzi: ne-ONT, i-Qi Carbon, i-SALUS Pro, i-lllumina, i-MGI nokunye okujwayelekile okungu-2ndkanye no-3rdisizukulwane sequences.
Izwela kakhuluI-Monkey Virus Yonke I-GenomeUkutholwaIkhithi-Illumina/MGI(Multi-PCR NGS)
Ngokuphathelene nenani elikhulu le-2 ekhonandizilandeleli zesizukulwane emhlabeni wonke, i-Macro & Micro-Test iphinde yakha amakhithi azwela kakhulu ajwayelana nezilandeleli ezijwayelekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukulandelana kwesampula ye-viral genome yokugxila kancane;
Ukukhulisa kahle: amapheya angu-1448 we-200bp amplicon ultra-dense primer design yokusebenza kahle kokukhulisa ukuphakama nokumbozwa okufanayo;
Ukusebenza okulula: Umtapo wezincwadi we-Mpox virus llumina/MGI ungatholwa ngokukhulisa imizuliswano emibili emahoreni angu-4, ngokugwema izinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwakha umtapo wolwazi kanye nezindleko ze-reagent;
Ukuzwela okuphezulu: ithola amasampula aphansi kuya ku-35CT, igwema ngempumelelo imiphumela engemihle engamanga ebangelwa ukuwohloka kweziqephu noma inombolo yekhophi ephansi;
Ukuhambisana okubanzi ne-mainstream 2ndizilandeleli zesizukulwane ezifana ne-lllumina, i-Salus Pro noma i-MGI;Kuze kube manje, amacala omtholampilo angaphezu kuka-400 aqediwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-28-2024