Njalo ngonyaka ngomhlaka-17 kuMbasa luSuku Lomhlaba Lomdlavuza.
01 Ukubuka Konke Kwezehlakalo Zomdlavuza Womhlaba
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokwanda okuqhubekayo kokuphila kwabantu kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo, ukwanda kwezimila nakho kuyanda unyaka nonyaka.
Izimila ezibulalayo (umdlavuza) sezibe ngenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi ezisongela kakhulu impilo yabantu baseShayina. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva yezibalo, ukufa kwezimila ezibulalayo kubanga u-23.91% wazo zonke izimbangela zokufa phakathi kwezakhamuzi, futhi ukwanda nokufa kwezimila ezibulalayo kuqhubeke nokwenyuka eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Kodwa umdlavuza awusho "isigwebo sokufa." I-World Health Organization iveze ngokusobala ukuthi uma nje utholakala kusenesikhathi, u-60%-90% womdlavuza ungelashwa! Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yomdlavuza ingavinjelwa, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yomdlavuza iyelapheka, kanti ingxenye yesithathu yomdlavuza ingelashwa ukuze kwandiswe impilo.
02 Kuyini isimila
I-tumor ibhekisela ku-organic entsha eyakhiwe ukwanda kwamangqamuzana ezicubu endawo ngaphansi kwesenzo sezici ezahlukahlukene ze-tumor. Izifundo zithole ukuthi amangqamuzana e-tumor abhekana nezinguquko ze-metabolic ezihlukile kumaseli avamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amangqamuzana e-tumor angazivumelanisa nezinguquko endaweni ye-metabolic ngokushintsha phakathi kwe-glycolysis kanye ne-oxidative phosphorylation.
03 Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Okwenziwa Ngamuntu Ngamunye
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza komuntu ngamunye kusekelwe olwazini lokuxilonga lwezakhi zofuzo eziqondiwe ezifweni kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo lwezokwelapha olusekelwe ebufakazini. Kunikeza isisekelo seziguli ukuthola uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele, oluye lwaba umkhuba wentuthuko yezokwelapha yanamuhla. Izifundo zezokwelapha ziqinisekisile ukuthi ngokuthola ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zama-biomarker, ukuthayipha kwe-SNP yezakhi zofuzo, izakhi zofuzo kanye nesimo sazo sokubonakaliswa kwamaprotheni kumasampula ebhayoloji eziguli ezinesimila ukuze kubikezelwe ukusebenza kahle kwemithi nokuhlola ukubikezela, futhi kuqondise ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye kwezokwelapha, kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kunciphise ukusabela okubi, ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezinsiza zezokwelapha.
Ukuhlolwa kwama-molecule omdlavuza kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuxilonga, ufuzo, kanye nokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kokwelapha kuyisisekelo salokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-therapeutic pathology" noma umuthi oqondene nomuntu ngamunye, futhi ama-antibodies amaningi kanye nama-molecule amancane avimbela izifo zofuzo eziqondene nomdlavuza kanye nezindlela zokubonisa izimpawu zingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izimila.
Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kuma-molecule kwama-tumors kuhlose ama-marker molecule amaseli esimila futhi kungenelele enkambisweni yamaseli anomdlavuza. Umphumela wawo ugxile kakhulu kumaseli esimila, kodwa awunawo umphumela omkhulu kumaseli ajwayelekile. Ama-receptor e-tumor growth factor, ama-molecule okudluliselwa kwesignali, amaprotheni omjikelezo weseli, abalawuli be-apoptosis, ama-enzyme e-proteolytic, i-vascular endothelial growth factor, njll. konke kungasetshenziswa njengezinhloso zama-molecule zokwelapha isimila. NgoDisemba 28, 2020, "Izinyathelo Zokuphatha Zokusetshenziswa Kwemithi Ye-Antineoplastic Drugs (Trial)" ekhishwe yiNational Health and Medical Commission yaveza ngokusobala ukuthi: Ngemithi enezinhloso ezicacile zezakhi zofuzo, isimiso sokuyisebenzisa kumele silandelwe ngemva kokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo eziqondiwe.
04 Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuqondiswe esimila
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezimilanjeni, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo zisebenzisa imithi ehlukene eqondiwe. Iziguli zingazuza kuphela ngokucacisa uhlobo lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo nokukhetha kahle ukwelashwa kwemithi eqondiwe. Izindlela zokuthola ama-molecule zasetshenziswa ukuthola ukwehluka kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nemithi evame ukuqondiwe ezimilanjeni. Ngokuhlaziya umthelela wokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo ekusebenzeni kahle kwemithi, singasiza odokotela ukuthi bathuthukise uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele kakhulu lomuntu ngamunye.
Isixazululo se-05
I-Macro & Micro-Test isungule uchungechunge lwezikhithi zokuthola izakhi zofuzo zesimila, okuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esiphelele sokwelashwa okuqondiswe kusisimila.
Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-EGFR Zomuntu 29 (I-PCR ye-Fluorescence）
Le khithi isetshenziselwa ukuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo izinguquko ezivamile kuma-exons 18-21 esakhini se-EGFR kumasampula avela ezigulini zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ezingezona ezincane zabantu.
1. Uhlelo lwethula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi, okungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Ukutholwa kwesisombululo sokusabela kwe-nucleic acid kungabona ngokuzinzile izinga lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo elingu-1% ngaphansi kwesizinda sohlobo lwasendle lwe-3ng/μL.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukusabela okuhlangene ne-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-mutant.
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Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo ye-KRAS 8 (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Le khithi yenzelwe ukutholwa kwezinguquko ezingu-8 ezishintshashintshayo kuma-codon 12 no-13 e-K-ras gene ku-DNA ekhishwe ezingxenyeni ze-pathological ezifakwe i-paraffin yomuntu.
1. Uhlelo lwethula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi, okungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Ukutholwa kwesisombululo sokusabela kwe-nucleic acid kungabona ngokuzinzile izinga lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo elingu-1% ngaphansi kwesizinda sohlobo lwasendle lwe-3ng/μL.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukusabela okuhlangene ne-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-mutant.
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Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-Human EML4-ALK (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Le khithi isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinhlobo ezingu-12 zokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-EML4-ALK ezithathwe kumasampula eziguli zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ezingezona ezincane zabantu ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwe-vitro.
1. Uhlelo lwethula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi, okungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Le khithi ingathola ukuguqulwa kwe-fusion okungaphansi kwamakhophi angu-20.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukusabela okuhlangene ne-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-mutant.
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Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-Human ROS1 (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Le khithi isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinhlobo ezingu-14 ze-ROS1 fusion gene mutations kumasampula omdlavuza wamaphaphu angewona amangqamuzana amancane abantu.
1. Uhlelo lwethula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi, okungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Le khithi ingathola ukuguqulwa kwe-fusion okungaphansi kwamakhophi angu-20.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukusabela okuhlangene ne-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-mutant.
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Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwe-Human BRAF Gene V600E (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Le khithi yokuhlola isetshenziselwa ukuthola ngokwekhwalithi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRAF V600E kumasampula ezicubu ezifakwe i-paraffin ze-melanoma yomuntu, umdlavuza we-colorectal, umdlavuza we-thyroid kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-vitro.
1. Uhlelo lwethula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi, okungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Ukutholwa kwesisombululo sokusabela kwe-nucleic acid kungabona ngokuzinzile izinga lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo elingu-1% ngaphansi kwesizinda sohlobo lwasendle lwe-3ng/μL.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukusabela okuhlangene ne-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-mutant.
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| Inombolo Yekhathalogi | Igama Lomkhiqizo | Imininingwane |
| I-HWTS-TM012A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-EGFR Yomuntu (i-PCR ye-Fluorescence） | Ukuhlolwa okungu-16/ikhithi, ukuhlolwa okungu-32/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM014A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola Izinguquko ze-KRAS 8 (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-24/ikhithi, ukuhlolwa okungu-48/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM006A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-EML4-ALK Yomuntu (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi, ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM009A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-Human ROS1 (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi, ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM007A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwe-Human BRAF Gene V600E (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-24/ikhithi, ukuhlolwa okungu-48/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-GE010A | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-BCR-ABL Yomuntu (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-24/ikhithi |
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-17-2023