Isihloko soSuku Lomhlaba Wonke LukaMalariya luka-2023 sithi "Qeda Umalariya Ngokuhle", kugxilwe ekusheshiseni inqubekela phambili emgomweni womhlaba wonke wokuqeda umalariya ngo-2030. Lokhu kuzodinga imizamo eqhubekayo yokwandisa ukufinyelela ekuvimbeleni umalariya, ekuxilongweni, kanye nokwelashwa, kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi namasu amasha okulwa nalesi sifo.
01 Ukubuka konke kweUmalaleveva
Ngokusho kombiko we-World Health Organization, cishe abantu abangu-40% emhlabeni basongelwa yi-malaria. Njalo ngonyaka, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-350 kuya kwezingu-500 batheleleka nge-malaria, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.1 bafa nge-malaria, kanti izingane ezingu-3,000 zifa nge-malaria nsuku zonke. Ukwanda kwalesi sifo kugxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomnotho ophansi. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwababili emhlabeni jikelele, i-malaria isalokhu ingenye yezinsongo ezinkulu kakhulu empilweni yomphakathi.
02 Indlela Umalaleveva Osakazeka Ngayo
1. Ukudluliswa kwegciwane okuthwalwa omiyane
Umsuka oyinhloko we-malaria yi-Anopheles mosquito. Ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, futhi ukusabalala kwayo kuvame kakhulu ehlobo nasekwindla ezindaweni eziningi.
2. Ukudluliselwa kwegazi
Abantu bangangenwa yi-malaria ngokumpontshelwa igazi elitheleleke nge-Plasmodium parasites. I-malaria yokuzalwa ingabangelwa nawumonakalo we-placenta noma ukutheleleka kwamanxeba e-fetus yigazi likamama elitheleleke nge-malaria noma elithwele i-malaria ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu ezindaweni ezingezona ezivamile umalaleveva banokumelana okuncane nomalaleveva. Umalaleveva udluliselwa kalula lapho iziguli noma abathwali balesi sifo abavela ezindaweni ezivamile bengena ezindaweni ezingezona ezivamile.
03 Izimpawu zemitholampilo ze-malaria
Kunezinhlobo ezine zePlasmodium ezibulala amagciwane emzimbeni womuntu, yiPlasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae kanye nePlasmodium ovale. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ngemva kokutheleleka yi-malaria zifaka phakathi ukubanda njalo, umkhuhlane, ukujuluka, njll., ngezinye izikhathi okuhambisana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, uhudo, kanye nokukhwehlela. Iziguli ezinezimo ezinzima zingase zibe nokusangana, i-coma, ukushaqeka, kanye nokwehluleka kwesibindi nezinso. Uma zingelashwa ngesikhathi, zingase zibe yingozi empilweni ngenxa yokwelashwa okulibazisekile.
04 Indlela Yokuvimbela Nokulawula Umalaleveva
1. Ukutheleleka nge-malaria kufanele kwelashwe ngesikhathi. Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa yi-chloroquine kanye ne-primaquine. I-Artemether kanye ne-dihydroartemisinin zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni i-malaria ye-falciparum.
2. Ngaphezu kokuvimbela izidakamizwa, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokuqeda omiyane ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka nge-malaria kusukela empandeni.
3. Thuthukisa uhlelo lokubona umalaleveva futhi welaphe abathelelekile ngesikhathi ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala komalaleveva.
Isixazululo se-05
I-Macro & Micro-Test ithuthukise uchungechunge lwezikhithi zokuthola umalaleveva, ezingasetshenziswa epulatifomu yokuthola i-immunochromatography, ipulatifomu yokuthola i-fluorescent PCR kanye nepulatifomu yokuthola i-isothermal amplification. Sinikeza izixazululo eziphelele neziphelele zokuxilonga, ukuqapha ukwelashwa kanye nokubikezela ukutheleleka kwe-Plasmodium:
Ipulatifomu ye-Immunochromatography
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax Antigen (iGolide le-Colloidal)
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Falciparum Antigen (iGolide le-Colloidal)
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Antigen (i-Colloidal Gold)
Le khithi yenzelwe ukutholwa kwekhwalithi ye-in vitro kanye nokuhlonza i-Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), i-Plasmodium vivax (Pv), i-Plasmodium ovale (Po) noma i-Plasmodium malaria (Pm) egazini lemithambo yegazi noma egazini le-capillary labantu abanezimpawu nezimpawu ze-protozoa ye-malaria, engasiza ekuxilongweni kokutheleleka kwe-Plasmodium.
· Kulula ukuyisebenzisa: Izinyathelo ezi-3 kuphela
· Izinga lokushisa legumbi: Ukuthuthwa kanye nokugcinwa ku-4-30°C izinyanga ezingama-24
· Ukunemba: Ukuzwela okuphezulu kanye nokucaciswa
Ipulatifomu ye-PCR ye-Fluorescent
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Nucleic Acid (i-Fluorescence PCR)
l Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Nucleic Acid Eyomisiwe Ngokuqandisa (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Le khithi isetshenziselwa ukuthola i-Plasmodium nucleic acid esezingeni eliphezulu ngaphakathi kwe-vitro kumasampula egazi angaphandle kweziguli ezisolwa ukuthi zinegciwane lePlasmodium.
· Ukulawula kwangaphakathi: Qapha ngokugcwele inqubo yokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa
· Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukuhlangana kwe-allergies nezifo ezivamile zokuphefumula ukuze kutholakale imiphumela enembile kakhulu
· Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Amakhophi ama-5/μL
Ipulatifomu Yokukhulisa I-Isothermal
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Nucleic Acid esekelwe ku-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) ye-Plasmodium
Le khithi isetshenziselwa ukuthola i-nucleic acid ye-malaria etholakala ngaphakathi kwe-vitro kumasampula egazi angaphandle kweziguli ezisolwa ngokutheleleka nge-plasmodium.
· Ukulawula kwangaphakathi: Qapha ngokugcwele inqubo yokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa
· Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukuhlangana kwe-allergies nezifo ezivamile zokuphefumula ukuze kutholakale imiphumela enembile kakhulu
· Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Amakhophi ama-5/μL
| Inombolo Yekhathalogi | Igama Lomkhiqizo | Imininingwane |
| I-HWTS-OT055A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax Antigen (i-Colloidal Gold) | Isivivinyo/ikhithi eli-1, izivivinyo ezingama-20/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT056A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Falciparum Antigen (iGolide le-Colloidal) | Isivivinyo esingu-1/ikhithi, izivivinyo ezingu-20/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT057A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Antigen (i-Colloidal Gold) | Isivivinyo esingu-1/ikhithi, izivivinyo ezingu-20/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT054A/B/C | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Nucleic Acid Eyomiswe Ngokuqandisa (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi, ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi, ukuhlolwa okungu-48/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT074A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Plasmodium Nucleic Acid (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi, ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT033A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Nucleic Acid esekelwe ku-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) ye-Plasmodium | Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi, ukuhlolwa okungu-16/ikhithi |
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-25-2023