Impilo yokuzala idlula ngokuphelele umjikelezo wethu wokuphila, owawubhekwa njengenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zempilo yabantu yi-WHO. Okwamanje, "Impilo yokuzala yabo bonke" iqashelwa njengoMgomo Wentuthuko Eqhubekayo we-UN. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yempilo yokuzala, ukusebenza kohlelo lokuzala, izinqubo kanye nemisebenzi kuyamkhathaza wonke umuntu wesilisa.
01 Izingoziofizifo zokuzala
Ukutheleleka kwezifo zokuzala kuyisongo esikhulu empilweni yokuzala yabesilisa, okubangela ukungazali kubantu abangaba ngu-15%. Kubangelwa kakhulu yi-Chlamydia Trachomatis, i-Mycoplasma Genitalium kanye ne-Ureaplasma Urealyticum. Kodwa-ke, cishe abesilisa abangu-50% kanye nabesifazane abangu-90% abanezifo zokuzala abanazo izimpawu noma abanazo izimpawu, okuholela ekuvinjelweni nasekulawulweni kokudluliselwa kwamagciwane. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kwalezi zifo ngesikhathi esifanele nangokuphumelelayo kusiza endaweni enhle yezempilo yokuzala.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT)
Ukutheleleka kwe-Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital tract kungabangela i-urethritis, i-epididymitis, i-prostatitis, i-proctitis kanye nokungazali kwabesilisa futhi kungabangela ne-cervicitis, i-urethritis, isifo sokuvuvukala kwe-pelvic, i-adnexitis, kanye nokungazali kwabesifazane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutheleleka nge-Chlamydia trachomatis kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-membrane ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuzalwa komntwana eshonile, ukukhipha isisu okuzenzekelayo, i-endometritis yangemva kokukhipha isisu kanye nezinye izimo. Uma kungelashwa kahle kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kungadluliselwa ngqo ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa, okubangela i-ophthalmia, i-nasopharyngitis kanye ne-pneumonia. Ukutheleleka kwe-Chlamydia trachomatis okungamahlalakhona nokuphindaphindwayo kuvame ukukhula kube yizifo, njenge-cervical squamous cell carcinoma kanye ne-AIDS.
I-Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infection (NG)
Izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-Neisseria gonorrhoeae urogenital tract infection yi-urethritis kanye ne-cervicitis, kanti izimpawu zayo ezivamile yi-dysuria, ukuchama njalo, ukushesha, i-dysuria, i-mucus noma ukuphuma kwe-purulent. Uma ingelashwa ngesikhathi, i-gonococci ingangena kwi-urethra noma isakazeke isuka emlonyeni wesibeletho, okubangela i-prostatitis, i-vesiculitis, i-epididymitis, i-endometritis, kanye ne-salpingitis. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingabangela i-gonococcal sepsis ngokusabalala kwe-hematogenous. I-mucosal necrosis ebangela i-squamous epithelium noma ukulungiswa kwezicubu ezixhumene nayo kungaholela ekuqineni kwe-urethral, i-vas deferens kanye ne-tubal ncipha noma ngisho ne-atresia ngisho nasekukhulelweni kwe-ectopic kanye nokungabi nabantwana kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Ureaplasma Urealyticum (UU)
I-Ureaplasma urealyticum ivame ukuba yi-parasitic ku-urethra yabesilisa, ijwabu lepenis, kanye nesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ingabangela ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo kanye nokungabi nabantwana ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isifo esivame kakhulu esibangelwa yi-urethritis yi-nongonococcal urethritis, ebangela u-60% we-urethritis engeyona eyamagciwane. Ingabangela futhi i-prostatitis noma i-epididymitis kwabesilisa, i-vaginitis kwabesifazane, i-cervicitis, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, futhi ingabangela nokutheleleka kwezinhlelo zokuphefumula nezezinzwa eziphakathi zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa.
Ukutheleleka Ngegciwane Le-Herpes Simplex (HSV)
Igciwane le-Herpes simplex, noma i-herpes, lihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: igciwane le-herpes simplex uhlobo 1 kanye negciwane le-herpes simplex uhlobo 2. Igciwane le-Herpes simplex uhlobo 1 libangela i-herpes yomlomo ikakhulukazi ngokuxhumana ngomlomo, kodwa futhi lingabangela i-herpes yobulili. Igciwane le-Herpes simplex uhlobo 2 luyisifo esidluliselwa ngocansi esibangela i-herpes yobulili. I-herpes yobulili ingaphinde ibuye futhi ibe nethonya elikhulu empilweni yeziguli kanye nasengqondweni. Ingathelela nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nge-placenta kanye nomsele wokuzalwa, okuholela ekuthelelekeni kwezinsana ezizalwa nazo.
I-Mycoplasma Genitalium Infection (MG)
I-Mycoplasma genitalium iyisidalwa esincane kunazo zonke esaziwayo esiziphindaphindayo esino-580kb kuphela futhi sitholakala kabanzi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ebantwini abasebasha abahlanganyela ocansini, kukhona ukuhlobana okuqinile phakathi kokukhubazeka kwendlela yokungena korogenital kanye ne-Mycoplasma genitalium, lapho kufika ku-12% weziguli ezinezimpawu ezitholakala zine-Mycoplasma genitalium. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Mycoplasma Genitalium ethelelekile kubantu ingakhula ibe yi-urethritis engeyona i-gonococcal kanye ne-prostatitis engapheli. Ukutheleleka kwe-Mycoplasma genitalium kuyimbangela ezimele yokuvuvukala komlomo wesibeletho kwabesifazane futhi kuhlotshaniswa ne-endometritis.
I-Mycoplasma Hominis Infection (MH)
Ukutheleleka kwe-Mycoplasma hominis yomgudu we-genitourinary kungabangela izifo ezifana ne-urethritis engeyona i-gonococcal kanye ne-epididymitis kwabesilisa. Kubonakala njengokuvuvukala kohlelo lokuzala kwabesifazane okusakazeka phakathi komlomo wesibeletho, futhi okunye okuhambisana nakho okuvamile yi-salpingitis. I-Endometritis nesifo sokuvuvukala kwe-pelvic singase senzeke enanini elincane leziguli.
02Isixazululo
I-Macro & Micro-Test ibilokhu ihileleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa zokuthola izifo ezihlobene nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, futhi isungule amakhithi okuthola ahlobene (indlela yokuthola i-Isothermal Amplification) kanje:
03 Ukucaciswa Komkhiqizo
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | Imininingwane |
| Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Chlamydia Trachomatis Nucleic Acid (Ukukhulisa I-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Nucleic Acid (Ukukhulisa I-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Ureaplasma Urealyticum Nucleic Acid (Ukukhulisa I-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Nucleic Acid (Ukukhulisa I-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
04 Aizinzuzo
1. Ukulawulwa kwangaphakathi kungeniswa kulolu hlelo, olungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola futhi luqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Indlela yokuthola i-Isothermal Amplification inciphisa isikhathi sokuhlola, futhi umphumela ungatholakala zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30.
3. Nge-Macro & Micro-Test Sample Release Reagent kanye ne-Macro & Micro-Test Automatic Nucleic Acid Extractor (HWTS-3006), kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ifanele izimo ezahlukahlukene.
4. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: i-LoD ye-CT ingamakhophi angu-400/mL; i-LoD ye-NG ingama-pcs angu-50/mL; i-LoD ye-UU ingamakhophi angu-400/mL; i-LoD ye-HSV2 ingamakhophi angu-400/mL.
5. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukuhlangana nezinye izifo ezivamile ezihlobene (njenge-syphilis, ama-genital warts, i-chancroid chancre, i-trichomoniasis, i-hepatitis B kanye ne-AIDS).
Izinkomba：
[1] LOTTI F, MAGGI M. Ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi kanye nokungabi nabantwana kwabesilisa [J].NatRev Urol,2018,15(5):287-307.
[2] CHOY JT, EISENBERG ML. Ukungazali kwabesilisa njengefasitela lempilo[J]. Fertil Steril, 2018,110(5):810-814.
[3] ZHOU Z, ZHENG D, WU H, nabanye. I-Epidemiology yokungazali eShayina: ucwaningo olusekelwe kubantu [J].BJOG, 2018,125(4):432-441.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-04-2022