Ucwaningo lwamuva nje olushicilelwe ku-I-Microbiomebenze ukuhlaziywa kwe-metagenomic yegciwane ezincelisayo zasendle ezincane ezingu-846—kufaka phakathi amalulwane, amagundane, kanye nama-shrew—aqoqwe eSierra Leone, eNtshonalanga Afrika. Ucwaningo luthole amagciwane e-RNA ahlobene nezilwane ezincelisayo angu-39, ahlanganisa amagciwane amasha angu-26 kanye nangu-13 ayaziwa ngaphambilini. Phakathi kwalawa, umndeni wakwaParamyxoviridae ubonise ukuhlukahluka okuphezulu kakhulu, kuyilapho amagundane ayenenani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo zamagciwane (n = 26).
Ukuhlolwa kwengozi ye-Zoonotic kwembule amagciwane amathathu aziwayo e-zoonotic—igciwane le-encephalomyocarditis, igciwane le-Lassa, kanye ne-Rocahepevirus sp—kanye namagciwane amathathu angase abe yingozi yokuchitheka: igciwane le-Melian, igciwane le-hepatitis elihlala ezilwaneni, kanye ne-Hunnivirus A. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi phakathi kwamagciwane asanda kutholakala, i-Bat ledantevirus 2 ibonise ubudlelwano obuseduze kakhulu be-phylogenetic negciwane le-Le Dantec elithelela abantu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-serological kuphinde kwathola ama-antibodies anciphisa ukumelana naleli gciwane ku-2.8% wezakhamuzi zendawo, okuphakamisa ukuchayeka kwabantu kwangaphambilini, okungenzeka ukuthi akutholakalanga.
Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa ukuba khona kwesizinda esikhulu segciwane esilawulwa yizimpukane eNtshonalanga Afrika futhi kugcizelela ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwamasu okuqapha ahlanganisiwe esibonakalayo somuntu nesilwane. Ukuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-metagenomic nokuqinisekiswa kwe-serological kunikeza uhlaka oluqinile lokuhlonza amagciwane anamandla okuzala kanye nokuchitheka kwawo.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izifo ezithelelanayo ezingaphezu kuka-60% ezivela kubantu zivela ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, kanti amalulwane, amagundane, kanye nezimpungushe zibhekwa njengezindawo ezibalulekile zamagciwane ezilwane. I-Afrika ibhekwa kabanzi njengendawo ethandwa kakhulu yizifo zezilwane. Isibonelo, iSierra Leone ibike amacala angaphezu kuka-28,000 ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwe-Ebola ngo-2014-2016.
Naphezu komthwalo omkhulu wezifo ze-zoonotic kulesi sifunda, ukuhlukahluka nokusabalala kwamagciwane ezilwaneni ezincane zasendle akukacaci ngokwanele. Ukuze kulungiswe leli gebe, abacwaningi benze ukuhlaziywa kwe-virome okuhlelekile kwezilwane ezincane zasendle ezingu-846 ezithathwe ezindaweni ezintathu eSierra Leone phakathi kuka-2018 no-2023. Ucwaningo luhlose ukuchaza ukuhlukahluka kwamagciwane, ukuhlonza abantu abanesifo sokusabalala kwezinhlobo ezahlukene, ukuhlola ingozi ye-zoonotic, nokukhiqiza ubufakazi bokusekela izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi zezifo ezithelelanayo ezivelayo.
Izindlela Eziyinhloko
Ucwaningo lusebenzise umsebenzi ophelele we-viral metagenomics:
- Ukucutshungulwa kwesampula:Izicubu zenhliziyo, isibindi, ubende, amaphaphu kanye nezinso zaqoqwa, zahlanganiswa, zahlanganiswa, futhi zakhishwa ngokuphelele i-RNA.
- Ukulandelana nokuhlanganiswa:Ukuncipha kwe-ribosomal RNA kwenziwa ngaphambi kokwakhiwa komtapo wolwazi, kwalandelwa ukulandelana okuphezulu kusetshenziswa ipulatifomu ye-Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Izakhi zamagciwane zahlanganiswa kusukela ekuqaleni.
- Ukuhlonza igciwane:Amagciwane atholakale ngokusekelwe ekulinganisweni kwezakhi zofuzo ze-RNA polymerase (RdRp) ezincike ku-RNA. Amagciwane ahlobene nezilwane ezinomgogodla kuphela agcinwe, ngaphandle kwamagciwane ebhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye nezitshalo.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Bioinformatics:Kwenziwe ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-phylogenetic, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlanganiswa kabusha, ukumodelwa kwenethiwekhi yokudlulisela izinhlobo ezahlukene, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi yezilwane ezizalwayo.
- Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Serological:Ukuhlolwa kokungapheleli kwe-pseudovirus okusekelwe ku-VSV kwakhiwe i-Bat ledantevirus 2. Ama-antibodies okungapheleli atholakale ku-2.8% we-sera yabantu, okunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kudluliswe i-zoonotic.
UcwaningoImiphumela
1. Ukutholakala Kwegciwane Nokwehlukahlukana
Lolu cwaningo lwenze ukuhlaziywa kokulandelana kwe-transcriptomic ezilwaneni zasendle ezingu-846 eziqoqwe eSierra Leone, okuhlanganisa amagundane, amalulwane, kanye nama-shrew. Ngokusekelwe ku-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene sequences ephelele, kwatholakala amagciwane e-RNA ahlobene nezilwane ezincelisayo angu-39, ahlanganisa amagciwane angu-13 ayaziwa ngaphambilini kanye namagciwane amasha angu-26.
Ngokuphathelene nokwakheka kwegciwane, umndeni wakwaParamyxoviridae ubonise izinga eliphezulu lokuhlukahluka kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zegciwane, kulandelwa yi-Astroviridae kanye ne-Picornaviridae. Ngokuphathelene nokusabalala kwegciwane, amagundane anikele ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwegciwane, ephethe izinhlobo ezingama-26 zamagciwane, okubonisa indima yawo evelele njengemithombo yokuhlukahluka kwegciwane esifundeni.
2. Ingozi Yokusabalala Kwezilwane Eziphilayo
Ukuhlolwa kwengozi ye-Zoonotic kuthole amagciwane amathathu aziwayo e-zoonotic: igciwane le-encephalomyocarditis, igciwane le-Lassa, kanye nezinhlobo ze-Rocahepevirus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagciwane amathathu—igciwane le-Melian, igciwane le-hepatitis eliyimpukane, kanye ne-Hunnivirus A—atholakale enengozi yokuchitheka kwegciwane.
Phakathi kwamagciwane angu-26 asanda kutholakala, amane kwabikezelwa ukuthi anamandla aphezulu okuzala izilwane ngokusekelwe ezicini ze-phylogenetic kanye ne-genomic. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi i-Bat ledantevirus 2 ibonise ubudlelwano obuseduze kakhulu be-phylogenetic negciwane le-Le Dantec elaziwa ukuthi lithelela abantu.
Uphenyo lwe-serological olwalandela lusekele lokhu okutholakele, njengoba ama-antibodies okunciphisa igciwane le-Bat ledantevirus 2 atholakale ku-2.8% we-sera evela kubahlali bendawo. Lo mphumela usikisela ukuthi ukutheleleka okungaziwa noma okungenazimpawu kungenzeka ukuthi sekuvele kwenzeke kubantu, okuqokomisa indlela yokudlulisela i-zoonotic engaba khona kodwa engakaze itholakale ngaphambili.
3. Amandla Okudlulisa Ezinhlobo Ezihlukene
Ukuhlaziywa kokudluliselwa kwezinhlobo ezixubile kubonise ukuthi amagundane athatha indawo ephakathi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokwabelana ngegciwane, esebenza njengezici ezibalulekile ezenza kube lula ukushintshana kwegciwane phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlala kuwo. Amagciwane angu-15 atholakale njenganamandla okudluliselwa kwezinhlobo ezixubile.
Ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kwamaphethini okudluliselana kwe-cross-order kubonise ukuthi ukwabelana ngegciwane kwenzeka kaningi phakathi kwe-host ngaphakathi kohlelo olufanayo lwe-taxonomic, okuphakamisa ukuthi ubudlelwano be-host budlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheni kokudluliselana. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amalulwane abonise amandla aphansi okudluliselana kwe-cross-order.
Okubalulekile, ubufakazi bokwanda kwebanga lomsingathi bubonwe kumagciwane athile. Isibonelo, igciwane le-Melian, elalibhekwa njengelikhethekile kuma-shrew, litholakale nasezigundwini kulolu cwaningo, okubonisa ushintsho olungase lube khona ekuzivumelaniseni nesimo somsingathi kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokudluliselwa okubanzi.
Iziphetho kanye Nemiphumela Yezempilo Yomphakathi
- Ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwe-virome ezincelisayo ezincane zasendle:Ukutholakala kwamagciwane e-RNA angu-39, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezintsha ezingu-26, kwembula indawo enkulu yamagciwane esifundeni futhi kubikwe okokuqala ngqa ukuthi kunamagciwane amasha anamandla aphezulu okubangela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (isib. i-Bat ledantevirus 2).
- Amagundane njengezinhloso zokuqapha eziza kuqala:Amagundane asebenza njengezikhungo ezibalulekile zokudluliswa kwegciwane futhi athwala ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwamagciwane, okumelela ingozi enkulu yokuchitheka kwamagciwane.
- Isidingo samasu okuqapha ahlanganisiwe:Okutholakele kusekela ukubeka phambili amagundane ezinhlelweni zokuqapha ezisebenzayo kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa i-metagenomics, i-serology, kanye nokuqapha imvelo ezindaweni ezihlangana nabantu nezilwane zasendle.
Sekukonke, lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngobufakazi obubalulekile bokusekela izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi kanye nezinhlaka zokuhlola ubungozi bezifo ezivelayo zezilwane, okuqinisa ukubaluleka kokuqapha okusheshayo ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.
Ulwazi Lomkhiqizo
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-23-2026