I-Cholera yisifo esithathelwanayo samathumbu esibangelwa ukudla noma amanzi angcoliswe yi-Vibrio cholerae. Sibonakala ngokuqala ngokushesha, ngokushesha nangokusabalala kabanzi. Singesezifo ezithathelwanayo zomhlaba wonke futhi siyisifo esithathelwanayo seKlasi A esishiwo uMthetho Wokulawulwa Kwezifo Ezithathelwanayo eShayina. Ikakhulukazi, ihlobo nekwindla yizinkathi zokwanda kwe-cholera.
Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 ze-cholera serogroups, kanti izinhlobo ezimbili ze-Vibrio cholerae, i-O1 kanye ne-O139, zingabangela ukuqubuka kwe-cholera. Ukuqubuka okuningi kubangelwa yi-Vibrio cholerae O1. Iqembu le-O139, elatholakala okokuqala eBangladesh ngo-1992, lalilinganiselwe ukusabalala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. I-Vibrio cholerae engeyona i-O1 non-O139 ingadala uhudo oluncane, kodwa ngeke ibangele ubhubhane.
Indlela ikholera esakazeka ngayo
Imithombo eyinhloko yekholera ethelelanayo yiziguli kanye nabathwali bayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, iziguli zivame ukukhipha amagciwane ngokuqhubekayo izinsuku ezi-5, noma amasonto angaphezu kwama-2. Futhi kunenani elikhulu le-Vibrio cholerae ekuhlanzeni nasekuhudeni, elingafinyelela ku-107-109/ml.
Ikholera idluliselwa kakhulu ngomzila wendle nomlomo. Ikholera ayingeni emoyeni, futhi ayikwazi ukusabalala ngqo esikhumbeni. Kodwa uma isikhumba singcoliswe yi-Vibrio cholerae, ngaphandle kokugeza izandla njalo, ukudla kuzotheleleka yi-Vibrio cholerae, ingozi yokugula noma ngisho nokusabalala kwesifo kungenzeka uma umuntu edla ukudla okuthelelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Vibrio cholerae ingadluliselwa ngokuthelela imikhiqizo yasemanzini njengezinhlanzi nezimfanzi. Abantu ngokuvamile basengozini ye-Vibrio cholerae, futhi akukho mehluko obalulekile ngobudala, ubulili, umsebenzi, kanye nohlanga.
Izinga elithile lokuzivikela komzimba lingatholakala ngemva kwalesi sifo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kuphinde kutheleleke. Ikakhulukazi abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinezimo zokuhlanzeka ezingezinhle kanye nezempilo basengozini yokuthola isifo sekholera.
Izimpawu zekholera
Izici zezokwelapha uhudo olukhulu ngokuzumayo, ukukhishwa kwendle enkulu efana nelayisi, kulandelwe ukuhlanza, ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi kanye ne-electrolyte, kanye nokwehluleka kokujikeleza kwegazi okungaphandle. Iziguli ezinesifo sokushaqeka okukhulu zingase zibe nzima ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinso okukhulu.
Ngenxa yamacala abikiwe ekholera eShayina, ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalala okusheshayo kwekholera futhi kubeke umhlaba engcupheni, kuyaphuthuma ukuthola kusenesikhathi, ngokushesha nangokunembile, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ukusabalala kwayo.
Izixazululo
I-Macro & Micro-Test ithuthukise i-Vibrio cholerae O1 kanye ne-Enterotoxin Gene Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR). Ihlinzeka ngosizo ekuxilongweni, ekwelapheni, ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ukutheleleka kwe-Vibrio cholerae. Iphinde isize iziguli ezinegciwane ukuthi zixilonge ngokushesha, futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempumelelo yokwelashwa.
| Inombolo Yekhathalogi | Igama Lomkhiqizo | Imininingwane |
| I-HWTS-OT025A | I-Vibrio cholerae O1 kanye ne-Enterotoxin Gene Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT025B/C/Z | I-Vibrio cholerae O1 eyomisiwe ngokuqandisa kanye ne-Enterotoxin Gene Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi,Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi,Ukuhlolwa okungu-48/ikhithi |
Izinzuzo
① Okusheshayo: Umphumela wokutholwa ungatholakala zingakapheli imizuzu engama-40
② Ukulawula Kwangaphakathi: Qapha ngokugcwele inqubo yokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlola
③ Ukuzwela okuphezulu: i-LoD yekhithi ingamakhophi angu-500/mL
④ Ukucaciswa Okuphezulu: Akukho ukuhlangana kwe-Salmonella, iShigella, iVibrio parahaemolyticus, iClostridium difficile, i-Escherichia coli kanye nezinye izifo ezivamile ze-enteric.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 23-2022