Isibuyekezo Somhlaba Wonke se-Mpox kanye Nokuxilongwa Okuthuthukisiwe

1. Isibuyekezo Somhlaba Wonke Se-Epidemiological se-Mpox (kusukela ngoMashi 2026)

I-Mpox, ebangelwa yigciwane leMonkeypox (MPXV), isalokhu iyinkathazo eqhubekayo yezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni wonke naphezu kokuphela kokuqokwa kwayo njengeSimo Esiphuthumayo Sezempilo Yomphakathi Sokukhathazeka Kwamazwe Ngamazwe (PHEIC) yi-World Health Organization. Ukusabalala okuqhubekayo ezifundeni eziningi kugcizelela isidingo sokubaukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nekhono lokuxilonga elithuthukile.

Kusukela kwaqubuka ubhubhane lwamazwe ngamazwe ngo-2022, cishe amacala ayi-128,000 aqinisekiswe yilabhorethri kanye nokufa okungu-281 kubikwe emazweni angaphezu kwe-130 [1]. Ngo-2025 kuphela, amacala aqinisekisiwe angu-50,751 kanye nokufa okungu-206 kwabhalwa ngamazwe angu-96, kanti amacala angaphezu kuka-90% enzeka e-Afrika. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, iSierra Leone, kanye ne-Uganda zazibalelwa cishe ku-32,000 amacala, okugcizelela umthwalo ongalingani ezindaweni ezivame kakhulu [1].

Zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-MPXV clades (Ia, Ib, kanye ne-II) ziyaqhubeka nokusabalala. Ukuvela kanye nokusabalala kwe-Clade Ib emhlabeni wonke—kufaka phakathi ukutholwa kokuqala eCzech Republic, e-Israel, eMadagascar, naseNepal—kanye nokusabalala komphakathi okuqoshiwe eFrance, e-Italy naseSpain, kubonisaamandla okudlulisela aguqukayo[1].

2. Ukubonakaliswa Kwezokwelapha kanye Nezinselele Zokuxilonga

I-Mpox inezinhlobo eziningi zezici zomtholampilo, kusukela ekuthelelekeni okungenazimpawu kuya ezifweni ezinzima zomzimba. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi:umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, i-lymphadenopathy, i-myalgia, kanye nokukhathalanjll.Ukuqubuka okuphawulekayo kuyashintsha ngokusebenzisaizigaba ze-macular, papular, vesicular, kanye ne-pustular ngaphambi kokuqhekeka, futhi kungase kuhileleubuso, imilenze, i-mucosa yomlomo, kanye nezindawo zokuzala.

Nakuba amacala amaningi ezikhawulela wona phakathi kwamasonto ama-2-4, imiphumela emibi ingenzeka kakhulu kubantu abasengozini, okuhlanganisaizinsana, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nabantu abane-immune system ebuthakathaka(isib., ukutheleleka kwe-HIV okuthuthukile) [2].

Ukwanda kokwenzeka kwezethulo ezingavamile nezithambile, okuhlanganisa namacala angenazo izimpawu, kudala izinselele ezinkulu zokuxilonga. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka okubalulekile kokubonakaliswa kwesifo.ukuxilonga okubucayi kakhulu, okuqondile, nokusheshayo ukusekela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuphazamisa izintambo zokudlulisela.

3. Ukuvimbela, Ukulawula, kanye Nendima Yokuxilonga

Ukudluliswa kwe-MPXV kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana ngqo nezilonda noma uketshezi lomzimba, amaconsi okuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuxhumana okude isikhathi eside, ukudluliswa kocansi, ama-fomite angcolile, kanye nokudluliswa okuqondile.

Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulawula zifaka:

• -Ukuhlonza okusheshayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamacala
• -Ukulandelela othintana nabo kanye nokuqapha okusekelwe emphakathini
• -Ukuxhumana ngengozi kanye nokungenelela kokuziphatha
• -Ukugoma ukuze kuvikelwe ngaphambi nangemva kokuchayeka

I-WHO igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqinisa amandla elebhu kanye nokusabalalisaamathuluzi okuxilonga afanele aklanyelwe izilungiselelo ezahlukene zezempilo—kusukela ekuhlolweni okusheshayo okuhlukaniswe ngokwezindawo kuya kumapulatifomu okuqapha e-genomic ahlanganisiwe[1].

4. Ukuhlolwa Okukhulu Nokuncane: Izixazululo Zokuxilonga Ezihlanganisiwe Eziqhutshwa Ubuchwepheshe Bokusungula Izinto Ezintsha

Ngokuphikisana nokuguquka kwe-mpox epidemiology, i-Macro & Micro-Test ithuthukise iphothifoliyo yokuxilonga ephelele, enamapulatifomu amaningi, ekhombisa amakhono aqinile ekwakhiweni kokuhlolwa, ubunjiniyela bama-molecular, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuhumusha.

4.1 Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kwe-Immunochromatographic: Ukuhlolwa Kwendawo Yokunakekelwa Okufinyelelekayo

Le nkampani inikeza ukutholwa okusheshayo, okungenazo izinsimbi zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-10-20, isekela ukuhlolwa okuhlukaniswe kanye nokuhlolwa okukhulu:

• Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Antigen (HWTS-OT079):
  • Ukusampula okulula (uketshezi lokuqubuka/i-swab yomlomo, i-serum)
  • Umkhawulo wokutholwa (LoD): 20 pg/mL
  • Ukumbozwa kwe-Broad clade (Clade I & II)
  • Akukho ukuhlangana kwe-reactivity ne-okufanayoamagciwane
  • Isivumelwano samaphesenti aphelele (i-OPA): 96.4% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kokukhulisa i-nucleic acid (ama-NAAT)
• Ikhithi Yokuthola Ama-Antibody e-IgM/IgG (HWTS-OT145):
  • Ukusampula okulula (igazi eliphelele, i-serum, i-plasma)
  • Ikhomba i-IgM ne-IgG ukuze inqume izigaba zokutheleleka kwe-mpox
  • Ilungele uphenyo lwe-seroepidemiological

Lezi zivivinyo zenzelwe ukuzinza (4–30°C, izinyanga ezingama-24), zibhekana nemikhawulo yezokuthutha ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe izinsiza.

4.2 Ukwanda Kwe-Isothermal (EPIA): Ukutholwa Kwama-Molecular Okusheshayo Kakhulu

Ikhithi yokuthola i-nucleic acid esekelwe ku-EPIA (HWTS-OT200) imele intuthuko ebalulekile ekuxilongweni kwama-molecule okusheshayo:

• I-LoD: amakhophi angu-200/mL (okuqhathaniswa ne-qPCR)
• Isikhathi sokufika kokuhle: ngokushesha okungaba yimizuzu emi-5
• Ukuhlolwa okufunwayo okunikwe amandla ngamamojula azimele e-Easy Amp System
• Ukwakheka kwe-Lyophilized okuvumela isitoreji sokushisa kwegumbi
• Ukusebenza kwezokwelapha: (PPA: 100%, NPA: 100%, OPA: 100%) (Kappa = 1.000)

Okubalulekile, ukuhlolwa akubonisi ukuhlangana kwe-orthopoxviruses (i-smallpox, i-vaccinia, i-cowpox) noma ama-herpesviruses avamile (i-HSV, i-VZV), okubonisa ukucaciswa okuphezulu kokuhlaziya.

4.3 I-Fluorescence qPCR: Ukuzwela Okuphezulu, Ukuxilongwa Okuqashelwa yi-WHO

Iphothifoliyo ye-Macro & Micro-Test ye-fluorescence PCR igqamisa ukuhambisana kwayo nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kanye nokuqashelwa komthetho:

• I-HWTS-OT071 (efakwe ohlwini lwe-WHO EUL):
  • Umklamo oqondiswe kabili oqinisekisa ukuqina okuphezulu
  • I-LoD: amakhophi angu-200/mL
  • Ukuthatha isampula eguquguqukayo yoketshezi lokuqubuka, i-throat swab kanye ne-serum
  • Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusabela okuhlanganisiwesigciwane le-mallpox, igciwane lokugoma, igciwane le-cowpox, igciwane le-mousepox, igciwane le-herpes simplex, igciwane le-varicella-zoster, kanye ne-genome yabantu, njll..
  • Ukusebenza kwezokwelapha: i-PPA 100%, i-NPA 99.40%, i-OPA 99.64% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulandelana
• Ikhithi ye-qPCR eyomiswe ngokuqandisa (HWTS-OT078):
  
  • Kuqeda ukuncika ku-cold-chain ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle
  • Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Orthopox Universal (HWTS-OT072):
    • Ukutholwa ngasikhathi sinye kwamagciwane amane e-orthopox abantu(Kufakwe i-Mpox)
    • I-LoD: amakhophi angu-200/mL
    • Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusabela okuxubile okunezifo ezifanayo
    • Kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlonza okungalungile futhi kuthuthukisa ukutholakala okuhlukile
    • Igciwane le-MonkeypoxIkhithi Yokuthayipha (HWTS-OT201):
      • Ivumela ukuhlukaniswa okunembile phakathi kwe-Clade I ne-Clade II
      • I-LoD: amakhophi angu-200/mL
      • Kubalulekile ekulandeleleni izifo kanye nophenyo lokuqubuka kwazo

  4.4 Ukulandelana Kwe-Genome Ephelele: Ukuvumela Ukuqapha Kwe-Genomic kanye Nokulandelela Okuhlukahlukene

  I-Macro & Micro-Test ikhombisa amakhono athuthukile ku-genomics ye-pathogen ngezixazululo zayo zokulandelana kwe-genome ephelele:

  • Inkawui-poxIkhithi ye-Genome Ephelele Yegciwane Elijwayelekile (Ama-Multi-PCR NGS) (HWTS-TW0042):
    • Isikhathi sokushintsha: amahora angu-6-8
    • Ukumbozwa kwe-genome okungu-≥98% (Ct ≤32)
    • Ukuhambisana okuguquguqukayo nezinhlobo eziningi2^nd kanye no-3^rd isizukulwaneamapulatifomu okulandelana(ONT, Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)
    • Izwela kakhuluInkawui-poxIgciwane Ukutholwa Kwe-Genome EpheleleAmakhithi (I-Illumina/MGI) (HWTS-TW0041/0043):
      • Umkhawulo wokutholwa: Ct ≤35
      • Umklamo we-primer obanzi kakhulu (1,448)amabhangqa angu-200bpama-amplicons)
      • Kuqinisekiswe ngamasampula emitholampilo angaphezu kuka-400
      • Fukuhambisana okulula nokuningi2^nd isizukulwaneamapulatifomu okulandelana(Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)

   
  

  Izibalo Zemitholampilo Zokulandelana Kwe-Genome Ephelele Yegciwane le-Mpox

  

  Ukumbozwa kwe-Mpox Virus Whole Genome Sequencing

  Lawa makhithi e-Mpox WGS asekela i-genomic epidemiology enesinqumo esiphezulu, okuhlanganisa ukulandelwa kokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, imephu yokudlulisela, kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuvela kwezakhi zofuzo okuhlukahlukene.

  5. Isiphetho: Ukuthuthukisa Ukulawulwa Kwe-Mpox Yomhlaba Wonke Ngokusebenza Kahle Kwesayensi

  Ukuqhubeka kokusakazwa komhlaba wonke kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-MPXV kudinga isu lokuxilonga elihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, ukuhlolwa kwama-molecule okuqinisekisayo, kanye nokubhekwa kwezakhi zofuzo.

  Uhlelo oluphelele lokuxilonga lwe-Macro & Micro-Test lubonisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwesayensi kuzo zonke izizinda zobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-immunoassays, ukukhuliswa kwe-isothermal, i-PCR yesikhathi sangempela, kanye nokulandelana kwesizukulwane esilandelayo. Lezi zixazululo azigcini nje ngokubhekana nezidingo zamanje zezokwelapha nezomphakathi kodwa futhi zihambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kanye nezindlela zokuxilonga ezintsha.

  Ngokuvumela ukutholakala okusheshayo, ukuhlukaniswa okunembile kwamaqembu, kanye nokuqapha izakhi zofuzo ngesikhathi sangempela, inkampani idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni ukulungela komhlaba wonke kanye nokusabela ku-mpox nezinye izifo ezithelelanayo ezivelayo.

  Izinkomba:

  [1] I-WHO. Imibiko Yesimo Sezwe Lonke se-Mpox. Mashi, 2026, eGeneva: Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba; 2026
  [2] I-WHO. Ukuphathwa Kwezokwelapha Nokuvimbela Ukutheleleka kwe-Mpox. Meyi 2025, eGeneva: Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba; 2025