Isibuyekezo se-Iphepha Locwaningo Lakudala
I-Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) kanye ne-Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) yi-tizifo ezihlobene eduze ngaphakathiI-Pneumoviridaeumndeniezivame ukudideka ezimweni zokutheleleka kokuphefumula okubukhali kwezingane. Ngenkathi izethulo zazo zemitholampilo zihlangana, idatha yokuqapha engaba khona (2016-2020) evela ezibhedlela zezingane ezingu-7 zase-US—ezihilela iziguli ezingu-8,605—iveza umehluko obalulekile emiphakathini yazo esengozini enkulu, ubukhali besifo, kanye nokuphathwa kwemitholampilo. Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise umklamo osebenzayo, ongaba khona onokuqoqwa kwe-nasopharyngeal swab ehlelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwamagciwane okuphefumula angu-8, okuhlinzeka ngokuqhathanisa kokuqala okukhulu, kwangempela kodokotela bezingane. Ngokuhlaziya amazinga okulaliswa esibhedlela, ukwamukelwa e-ICU, ukusetshenziswa komoya womoya ngomshini, kanye nokuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela (≥izinsuku ezingu-3), kusungula isisekelo esibalulekile se-epidemiological ngaphambi kokungenelela sesikhathi sokugonywa okusha kwe-RSV (isb., imijovo yomama, ama-antibody e-monoclonal asebenza isikhathi eside) futhi kudala uhlaka lokuthuthukiswa komjovo we-HMPV wesikhathi esizayo.
Isihluthulelo 1: Amaphrofayili Ahlukile Anengozi Ephakeme
-I-RSV ithinta kakhulu izinsana ezincane:Iminyaka ephakathi nendawo yokulaliswa esibhedlela yayiyizinyanga ezi-7 kuphela, kanti ama-29.2% eziguli ezamukelwe ayeyizinsana (izinyanga ezi-0-2). I-RSV iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulaliswa esibhedlela ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-6, kanti ubunzima buhlobene nobudala.
-I-HMPV ihlose izingane ezindala kanye nalabo abanezinkinga ezifanayo:Iminyaka ephakathi nendawo yokulaliswa esibhedlela yayiyizinyanga eziyi-16, kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ezinganeni ezingaphezu konyaka owodwa. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi ukusabalala kwezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo (isb., izifo zenhliziyo, zemizwa, nezokuphefumula) kwakuphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili ezigulini ze-HMPV (26%) uma kuqhathaniswa neziguli ze-RSV (11%), okugqamisa ubuthakathaka bazo obukhulu.
Umfanekiso 1. Ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka yokuvakashelwa kwe-ED kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlelaokuhlobene ne-RSV noma i-HMPV
ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18.
Isihluthulelo 2: Ukuhlukanisa Izethulo Zemitholampilo
-I-RSV ibonakala ngezimpawu ezivelele zokuphefumula okuphansi:Kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-bronchiolitis (76.7% wamacala asesibhedlela). Izinkomba ezibalulekile zifaka phakathiukuhoxa kodonga lwesifuba (iziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela ezingama-76.9%; 27.5% ED)futhii-tachypnea (91.8% yeziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela; 69.8% ED), kokubili kuvame kakhulu kunase-HMPV.
-I-HMPV iveza umkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nengozi ye-pneumonia:I-pneumonia yatholakala ku-35.6% weziguli ze-HMPV ezilaliswe esibhedlela—isilinganiso se-RSV esiphindwe kabili.Umkhuhlane wawuyisici esivelele kakhulu (83.6% yeziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela; 81% ED)Nakuba izimpawu zokuphefumula ezifana nokukhwehlela kanye ne-tachypnea zenzeka, ngokuvamile azibi zimbi kakhulu kune-RSV.
Umfanekiso 2.Izici zokuqhathanisa kanye nezokwelaphainkamboye-RSV vs. i-HMPV ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.
Isifinyezo: I-RSVikakhulukazi kubangela izifo ezimbi kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane, ezibonakala ngokucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula (ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuhoxa) kanye ne-bronchiolitis.I-HMPVkuvame ukuthinta izingane ezindala ezinezinye izifo ezihambisana nalesi sifo, kuveza umkhuhlane omkhulu, kunengozi enkulu ye-pneumonia, futhi kuvame ukubangela impendulo ebanzi yokuvuvukala komzimba.
Isihluthulelo 3: Amaphethini Esizini Abalulekile
-I-RSV inezinga eliphezulu lokuqala, elibikezelwayo:Umsebenzi wayo ugxile kakhulu, ngokuvamile ufinyelela phezulu phakathiNovemba noJanuwari, okwenza kube usongo olukhulu lwegciwane ezinganeni ekwindla nasebusika.
-I-HMPV ifinyelela esicongweni kamuva ngokuguquguquka okukhulu:Isizini yayo ifika kamuva, ngokuvamile ifinyelela esicongweniUMashi no-Ephreli, futhi kubonisa ukuhlukahluka okuphawulekayo konyaka nonyaka kanye nesifunda, okuvame ukuvela “njengegagasi lesibili” ngemva kokwehla kwe-RSV.
Umfanekiso 3.I-PCR esezingeni eliphezulu neliqondene nendawo ethileeamazinga e-RSV kanye ne-HMPV phakathi kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ezine-ED ehlobene nokutheleleka kokuphefumula okubangelwa yi-acute respiratory infection (ARI) kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela.
Ukuvimbela Nokunakekela: Uhlelo Lokusebenza Olusekelwe Ebufakazini
-Ukuvimbela i-RSV:Amasu okuvimbela aseyatholakala manje. Ngo-2023, i-US FDA yagunyaza i-antibody ye-monoclonal esebenza isikhathi eside (i-Nirsevimab), engavikela izinsana ezinyangeni zazo zokuqala ezi-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugomela i-RSV kukamama kudlulisela ngempumelelo ama-antibody avikelayo ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa.
-Ukuvimbela i-HMPV:Okwamanje azikho izidakamizwa zokuvimbela ezivunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokugoma (isb., umuthi wokugoma ohlanganisiwe we-RSV/HMPV we-AstraZeneca) ezisezivivinyweni zemitholampilo. Abazali bayelulekwa ukuthi bahlale benolwazi mayelana nezibuyekezo ezivela kuziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi.
Funa Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Okusheshayo nganoma iyiphi yalezi "Zifulegi Ezibomvu":
-Umkhuhlane Ezinsaneni:Izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-38°C (100.4°F) kunoma iyiphi ingane engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala.
-Izinga Lokuphefumula Eliphakeme:Ukuphefumula kudlula ukuphefumula okungu-60 ngomzuzu ezinsaneni ezinenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezi-5, noma ukuphefumula okungu-40 ngomzuzu ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyodwa kuya kwemihlanu, okubonisa ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula okungenzeka.
-Ukugcwala kwe-oksijini ephansi:Ukugcwala komoya-mpilo (SpO₂) kwehlela ngaphansi kuka-90%, uphawu olubalulekile lokugula okukhulu okubonwe ku-30% we-RSV kanye no-32.1% wamacala e-HMPV alaliswe esibhedlela ocwaningweni.
-Ubunzima Bokudinwa Noma Bokudla:Ukudinwa okuphawulekayo noma ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kobisi ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zingakapheli amahora angama-24, okungaba yimbangela yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
Nakuba kuhlukile kweze-epidemiology kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezokwelapha, ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile phakathi kwe-RSV kanye ne-HMPV endaweni yokunakekelwa kuseyinselele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usongo lwezokwelapha ludlulela ngale kwala magciwane amabili, lapho amagciwane afana ne-influenza A kanye nohlu lwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane zisongela impilo yabantu ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kwe-etiological ngesikhathi esifanele nangokunembile kubalulekile ekuphathweni okufanele okusekelayo, ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo, kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza okunengqondo.
Kwethulwa i-AIO800 + 14-Pathogen Combined Detection Kit (i-Fluorescence PCR)(I-NMPA, CE, FDA, i-SFDA igunyaziwe)
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo,Uhlelo Lokuthola I-Nucleic Acid Ezenzakalelayo Ngokugcwele lwe-Eudemon™ AIO800, kuhlanganiswe neIphaneli yokuphefumula enezifo ezingu-14, inikeza ikhambi eliguqulayo — liletha iqiniso"Isampula, phendula"ukuxilongwa ngemizuzu engama-30 kuphela.
Lokhu kuhlola okuphelele kokuphefumulakokubili amagciwane namabhaktheriyakusukela kusampula eyodwa, okuvumela abahlinzeki bezempilo abaphambili ukuthi benze izinqumo zokwelashwa eziqinisekile, ezifika ngesikhathi, neziqondisiwe.
Izici Eziyinhloko Zesistimu Ezibalulekile Kumakhasimende Akho
Ukuhamba Komsebenzi Okuzenzakalelayo Ngokugcwele
Isikhathi esingaphansi kwemizuzu emi-5 sokusebenza ngezandla. Asikho isidingo sabasebenzi abanekhono bama-molecule.
- Imiphumela Esheshayo
Isikhathi sokulungisa semizuzu engama-30 sisekela izilungiselelo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo.
- 14Ukutholwa Kwe-Pathogen Multiplex
Ukuhlonza ngesikhathi esisodwa:
Amagciwane:I-COVID-19,Influenza A & B,RSV,Adv,hMPV,Rhv,Parainfluenza izinhlobo I-IV,HBoV,EV,CoV
Amagciwane:MP,I-Cpn,SP
-Ama-reagent afakwe i-Lyophilized Azinzile Emazingeni Okushisa Egumbini (2–30°C)
Kwenza kube lula ukugcina kanye nokuthuthwa, kuqede ukuncika ku-cold chain.
Uhlelo Lokuvimbela Ukungcola Oluqinile
Izindlela zokulwa nokungcola ezinezingqimba eziyi-11 okuhlanganisa ukubulala izinambuzane nge-UV, ukuhlunga i-HEPA, kanye nokuhamba komsebenzi we-closed-cartridge, njll.
Ukuhlonza i-pathogen okusheshayo nokuphelele kuyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwesimanje kwezifo zokuphefumula zezingane. Uhlelo lwe-AIO800, olunephaneli yalo ye-PCR ye-multiplex esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, yemizuzu engama-30, lunikeza ikhambi elisebenzayo lezilungiselelo zangaphambili. Ngokuvumela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi nangokunembile kwe-RSV, i-HMPV, nezinye izifo eziyinhloko, lunika odokotela amandla okwenza izinqumo zokwelashwa eziqondiwe, bathuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, futhi basebenzise ukulawula ukutheleleka okuphumelelayo—ekugcineni kuthuthukise ukunakekelwa kweziguli kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezempilo.
#RSV #HMPV #Okusheshayo #Ukuhlonza #Ukuphefumula #Igciwane #Isampula-ukuphendula#Ukuhlolwa Kwe-MacroMicro
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-02-2025