I-RSV vs. HMPV: Umhlahlandlela Womtholampilo Wokuhlonza Okunembile Ezinganeni

Ukubuyekezwa kweI-Classic Research Paper

I-Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) kanye ne-Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) ziyi-t.ama-pathogens ahlobene eduze ngaphakathi kweI-Pneumoviridaeumndeniezivame ukudideka ezimeni zokutheleleka kwezingane okunamandla okuphefumula. Ngenkathi izethulo zabo zemitholampilo zidlulela, idatha yokubhekwa okuzokwenzeka (2016-2020) evela ezibhedlela zezingane zase-US eziyi-7-okubandakanya iziguli eziyi-8,605-iveza umehluko obalulekile emiphakathini yabo esengozini enkulu, ukuqina kwezifo, kanye nokuphathwa komtholampilo. Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise umklamo osebenzayo, ongase ube neqoqo elihlelekile le-nasopharyngeal swab kanye nokuhlola amagciwane okuphefumula angu-8, okuhlinzeka ukuqhathanisa kokuqala okukhulu, komhlaba wangempela kodokotela bezingane. Ngokuhlaziya amazinga okulaliswa esibhedlela, ukulaliswa e-ICU, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokukhipha umoya, nokuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela (≥3 izinsuku), kusungula isisekelo esibalulekile se-epidemiological yangaphambi kokungenelela ngesikhathi sokugonywa kwe-RSV emisha (isb., imigomo yomama, amasosha omzimba asebenza isikhathi eside) futhi kwakha uhlaka lokuthuthukiswa komgomo we-HMPV wesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuthola Okubalulekile 1: Amaphrofayili Ahlukile Anobungozi obukhulu

-I-RSV ithinta kakhulu izingane ezincane:Iminyaka emaphakathi yokulaliswa esibhedlela kwakuyizinyanga eziyi-7 kuphela, kanti ama-29.2% eziguli ezamukelwe kwakuyizingane ezisanda kuzalwa (izinyanga ezi-0-2). I-RSV iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulaliswa esibhedlela ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-6, ngobunzima obuhambisana ngokuphambene nobudala.

-I-HMPV iqondise izingane ezindala nalabo abanokugula okuhambisana nakho:Iminyaka yobudala emaphakathi yokulaliswa esibhedlela kwakuyizinyanga eziyi-16, okunomthelela omkhulu ezinganeni ezingaphezulu konyaka ongu-1. Ngokuphawulekayo, ukusabalala kwezimo zezokwelapha ezingaphansi (isb., inhliziyo, izinzwa, ukuphefumula) kwakungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ezigulini ze-HMPV (26%) uma kuqhathaniswa neziguli ze-RSV (11%), ezigqamisa ubungozi bazo obuphakeme.

Umfanekiso 1. Ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka yokuvakashelwa kwe-ED nokulaliswa esibhedlelaehlotshaniswa ne-RSV noma i-HMPV

ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.

Ukuthola Okubalulekile kwesi-2: Ukwehlukanisa Izethulo Zomtholampilo

-I-RSV ibonakala ngezimpawu ezivelele zokuphefumula eziphansi:Ihlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-bronchiolitis (76.7% yamacala alaliswe esibhedlela). Izinkomba ezibalulekile zihlanganisaukuhoxiswa kodonga lwesifuba (76.9% iziguli; 27.5% ED)futhii-tachypnea (iziguli ezingu-91.8%; 69.8% ED), kokubili kuvame kakhulu kunaku-HMPV.

-I-HMPV iveza ingozi ephezulu yomkhuhlane kanye nenyumoniya:Inyumoniya yatholwa ku-35.6% yeziguli ze-HMPV ezibhedlela—izinga eliphindwe kabili le-RSV.Umkhuhlane wawuyisici esivelele (83.6% iziguli ezilaliswayo; 81% ED). Nakuba izimpawu zokuphefumula ezifana nokuphefumula kanye ne-tachypnea zenzeka, ngokuvamile azibi kakhulu kune-RSV.

Umfanekiso 2.Izici zokuqhathanisa kanye nomtholampiloinkamboye-RSV vs. HMPV ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.

Isifinyezo: I-RSVNgokuyinhloko kubangela izifo ezinzima ezinganeni ezincane, ezibonakala ngokucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula (ukuphefumula, ukuhoxiswa) kanye ne-bronchiolitis.I-HMPVngokuvamile kuthinta izingane ezindadlana ezinemikhuhlane, kuvela imfiva eshiwo, kuyingozi enkulu yenyumoniya, futhi kuvame ukubangela ukusabela okubanzi kokuvuvukala kwesistimu.

Ukuthola Okubalulekile 3: Amaphethini Esizini Abalulekile

-I-RSV inenani eliphakeme lokuqala, elibikezelwe:Umsebenzi wayo ugxile kakhulu, ngokuvamile ufinyelela phezulu phakathiNovemba noJanuwari, okwenza kube usongo oluyinhloko lwegciwane ezinganeni ekwindla nasebusika.

-I-HMPV iphakama kamuva ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu:Isikhathi sayo sifika kamuva, ngokuvamile sifinyelela phezuluMashi no-April, futhi ibonisa ukuhluka okuphawulekayo konyaka nonyaka kanye nesifunda, ngokuvamile okubonakala “njengegagasi lesibili” ngemva kokuncipha kwe-RSV.

Umfanekiso 3.Sekukonke kanye nesayithi eliqondene ne-PCR positiveeamazinga e-RSV kanye ne-HMPV phakathi kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ezine-acute respiratory infection (ARI)-ezihambisana nokuvakasha kwe-ED nokulaliswa esibhedlela.

Ukuvimbela Nokunakekela: Uhlelo Lwesenzo Olusekelwe Ebufakazini

-I-RSV Prophylaxis:Amasu okuvimbela aseyatholakala. Ngo-2023, i-US FDA igunyaze i-monoclonal antibody (i-Nirsevimab) esebenza isikhathi eside, engavikela izingane ezinyangeni zazo zokuqala ezingu-5. Ukwengeza, ukugonywa kwe-RSV kamama kudlulisa ngempumelelo amasosha omzimba ezivikelayo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.

-I-HMPV Prophylaxis:Okwamanje awekho amaphilisi okuvimbela agunyaziwe. Nokho, amakhandidethi wokugoma amaningana (isb., umgomo oyinhlanganisela we-AstraZeneca we-RSV/HMPV) usezivivinyweni zomtholampilo. Abazali bayelulekwa ukuthi bahlale benolwazi mayelana nezibuyekezo ezivela kuziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi.

Funa Ukunakwa Ngokushesha Kwezokwelapha nganoma NOMA IYIPHI Yalawa "Amafulegi Abomvu":

-Umkhuhlane Ezinsaneni:Izinga lokushisa ≥38°C (100.4°F) kunoma iyiphi ingane engaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-3 ubudala.

-Izinga Eliphakeme Lokuphefumula:Ukuphefumula kudlula ukuphefumula okungu-60 ngomzuzu ezinsaneni eziyizinyanga ezingu-1-5, noma ukuphefumula okungu-40 ngomzuzu kubantwana abaneminyaka engu-1-5, okubonisa ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula okungaba khona.

-Ukugcwaliswa Kwe-oksijeni Okuphansi:Ukugcwala komoyampilo (SpO₂) kwehla ngaphansi kuka-90%, okuwuphawu olubucayi lokugula okunzima okubonwa ku-30% we-RSV kanye no-32.1% wezimo ezilaliswe esibhedlela ze-HMPV ocwaningweni.

-I-Lethargy noma Ubunzima Bokudla:Ukukhathala okuphawulekayo noma ukuncipha kobisi oludliwayo ngaphezu kokukodwa kokuthathu phakathi namahora angu-24, okungaba isandulela sokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Nakuba kuhlukile ku-epidemiology kanye nesethulo somtholampilo, ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile phakathi kwe-RSV ne-HMPV endaweni yokunakekelwa kuhlala kuyinselele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usongo lomtholampilo ludlulela ngalé kwalawa magciwane amabili, amagciwane anjengomkhuhlane A kanye nenqwaba yezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane asongela impilo yabantu ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi nokunembayo kwe-etiological kubalulekile ekuphatheni okusekelayo okufanele, ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo, kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza ezinengqondo.

Sethula i-AIO800 + 14-Pathogen Combined Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR)(I-NMPA, CE, FDA, i-SFDA igunyaziwe)

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, i-I-Eudemon™ AIO800 Uhlelo Lokuthola I-Acid Ye-nucleic Okuzenzakalelayo Ngokugcwele, kuhlanganiswe ne-aIphaneli yokuphefumula eyi-14-pathogen, inikeza isisombululo sokuguqula - ukuletha iqiniso"Sample in, phendula"zokuxilonga emizuzwini engu-30 nje.

Lokhu kuhlola okuphelele kokuphefumula kutholas kokubili amagciwane kanye namagciwanekusukela kusampula eyodwa, okuvumela abahlinzeki bezempilo abaphambili ukuthi benze izinqumo zokwelashwa ezizethembayo, ezifika ngesikhathi, nezihlosiwe.

Izici Zesistimu Ezibalulekile Ezibalulekile Kumakhasimende Akho

 Ukuhamba komsebenzi Okuzenzakalelayo Ngokugcwele
Isikhathi esingaphansi kwemizuzu emi-5. Asikho isidingo sabasebenzi abanekhono lamangqamuzana.

- Imiphumela Esheshayo
Isikhathi sokushintsha esiyimizuzu engama-30 sisekela izilungiselelo zomtholampilo eziphuthumayo.

- 14Ukutholwa kwe-Pathogen Multiplex
Ukuhlonza kanyekanye kwe:

Amagciwane:I-COVID-19,Influenza A & B,RSV,Adv,hMPV,Rhv,Parainfluenza izinhlobo I-IV,HBoV,EV,CoV

Amagciwane:MP,Cpn,SP

-Ama-reagents e-Lyophilized Azinzile Emazingeni Okushisa Egumbi (2–30°C)
Yenza kube lula ukugcinwa nezokuthutha, iqede ukuncika kochungechunge olubandayo.

I-Robust Contamination Prevention System
Izinyathelo zokulwa nokungcola ezinezendlalelo eziyi-11 ezihlanganisa ukuvalwa kwe-UV, ukuhlunga kwe-HEPA, nokugeleza kwekhatriji evaliwe, njll.

Ukuhlonza i-pathogen ngokushesha, okuphelele kuyisisekelo sokulawulwa kwesimanje kwezifo zokuphefumula kwezingane. Isistimu ye-AIO800, enephaneli yayo ye-PCR ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele, imizuzu engama-30, i-multiplex, inikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo sezilungiselelo zangaphambili. Ngokuvumela ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokunembile kwe-RSV, i-HMPV, namanye amagciwane abalulekile, inika amandla odokotela ukuthi benze izinqumo zokwelashwa eziqondiwe, basebenzise ngokugcwele ama-antibiotic, futhi basebenzise ukulawulwa kokutheleleka okuphumelelayo-ekugcineni kuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwesiguli nokusebenza kahle kokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

#RSV #HMPV #Eshesha #Isihlonzi #Okuphefumulayo #Pathogen #Isampula-ukuphendula#MacroMicroTest