I-Covid-19 (2019-NCOV) ibangele amakhulu ezigidi zezifo kanye nezigidi zokufa selokhu kwaqubuka ekugcineni kuka-2019, okwenza kube yisimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo emhlabeni jikelele. I-World Health Organisation (WHO) Ebeka phambili phambili "izingqinamba ezingezona eziguqukayo"[1], okungukuthi, i-alpha, i-beta, i-gamma, i-delta ne-omicron, kanye nobunzima obuguquki obukhulu kubhubhane lomhlaba wonke njengamanje. Ngemuva kokutheleleka nge-omicron mutant, izimpawu zimnene, kepha zingezinto ezikhethekile ezinjengokuthi abantu abajwayelekile, izifo ezikhulile, izifo ezihlala isikhathi eside, ingozi yokugula okungathí sina noma ukufa ngemuva kokutheleleka kusephezulu. Izinga lokufa kwecala lokulimala kwe-mutant e-Omicron, idatha yangempela yomhlaba ikhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokufa kwamacala aphakathi cishe singama-0,75%, futhi isilinganiso sokufa kwabantu asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi leyo minyaka engama-80 mdala, wedlula u-10%, okucishe kube yi-100 exhievenclenza evamile[2]. Ukubonakaliswa okujwayelekile komtholampilo kokutheleleka, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo owomile, umphimbo obuhlungu, i-myalgia, njll. Iziguli ezinzima zingaba ne-dyspnea kanye / noma i-hypoxemia.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zamagciwane omkhuhlane: A, B, C no-D. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinkinga zingama-subtype a (H1N1) ne-H3N2, ne-streatia B (Victoria ne-Yamagata). Umkhuhlane odalwe yigciwane lomkhuhlane kuzodala ubhubhane lwesizini nobhubhane olungalindeleki njalo ngonyaka, ngesilinganiso esiphezulu. Ngokusho kwezibalo, cishe amacala ayizigidi eziyi-3.4 aphathwa ngenxa yezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka[3], futhi cishe amacala acishe abe ngu-88,100 wezifo ezihlobene nomkhuhlane aholela ekufeni, accounting nge-8.2% yokufa kwezifo zokuphefumula[4]. Izimpawu zomtholampilo zifaka umkhuhlane, ikhanda, i-myalgia kanye nokukhwehlela owomile. Amaqembu anobungozi obukhulu, njengabesifazane abakhulelwe, izinsana, asebekhulile neziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona, zithambekele kuma-pneumonia nakwezinye izinkinga, ezingaholela ekufeni ezimweni ezinzima.
I-1 covid-19 enengozi yomkhuhlane.
Ukutheleleka komkhuhlane nge-Covid-19 kungandisa umthelela walesi sifo. Ucwaningo lwaseBrithani lukhombisa lokho[5], kuqhathaniswa nokutheleleka kwe-covid-19 kuphela, ingozi yokuvutha umoya omncane kanye nengozi yokufa kwesibhedlela ezigulini ze-virus ezi-19 ze-virus ezinomkhuhlane inyuke ngezikhathi ezingama-4,14 nezikhathi ezingama-2.35.
I-Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology yashicilela isifundo[6], okubandakanya izifundo ezingama-95 ezibandakanya iziguli ezingama-62,107 nge-covion-19. Izinga lokuvuthazeka kwegciwane lomkhuhlane wegciwane lalingu-2.45%, phakathi komkhuhlane a abhalwe ngenani eliphakeme kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa neziguli zingenwe kuphela nge-Covid-19, iziguli zitheleleke ngengozi ephezulu kakhulu yemiphumela emibi, kufaka phakathi ukwamukelwa kwe-ICU, ukwesekwa komoya omncane nokufa. Yize ukwanda kokutheleleka ngokubambisana kuphansi, iziguli ezinegciwane lokutheleleka zibhekene nengozi enkulu yemiphumela emibi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kukhombisa lokho[7], kuqhathaniswa nokusakazwa kwe-B, ukusakaza kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlangenwe nakho ngegciwane nge-covid-19. Phakathi kweziguli ezingama-143 ezithelelekile, ama-74% atheleleke nge-a-stream, futhi ama-20% atheleleke nge-b-saft. Ukutheleleka ngokubambisana kungaholela ekuguleni okubaluleke kakhulu kweziguli, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaqembu asengozini njengezingane.
Ucwaningo ezinganeni nasezentsha ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ezangeniswa esibhedlela noma zabulawa ngumkhuhlane ngesikhathi sesikhathi somkhuhlane e-United States ngo-2021-22 sathola[8]ukuthi into ethelelekile yokutheleleka ngomkhuhlane nge-Covil-19 ifanelwe ukunakwa. Phakathi kwamacala ahlobene nomkhuhlane, ama-6% atheleleke nge-covid-19 kanye nomkhuhlane, kanye nengxenye yokufa okuhlobene nomkhuhlane kudlulele ku-16%. Lokhu kuthola kuphakamisa ukuthi iziguli ezihlaselwa yi-Covid-19 futhi umkhuhlane zidinga ukwesekwa kokuphefumula okuhlaselayo nokungahlaseli okungaphezulu kunalawo angenwe ngumkhuhlane, futhi atheleleke ukuthi ubungozi obubi kakhulu ezinganeni .
2 Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile komkhuhlane ne-Covid-19.
Zombili lezi zifo ezintsha kanye nomkhuhlane zithathelana zithathelana, futhi kunokufana kwezimpawu ezithile zomtholampilo, njengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela kanye ne-myalgia. Kodwa-ke, izikimu zokwelashwa zalawa magciwane amabili zihlukile, futhi izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane asetshenzisiwe zihlukile. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, izidakamizwa zingashintsha ukuvezwa okujwayelekile komtholampilo kwalesi sifo, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola lesi sifo kuphela ngezimpawu. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa okunembile kwe-Covid-19 neFourseza kudinga ukuncika ekutholweni okuhlukile kwegciwane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zingathola ukwelashwa okufanele futhi okusebenzayo.
Incomo enenqwaba yezivumelwano ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa iphakamisa ukuthi ukuhlonza okunembile kwegciwane le-Covil-19 ne-Flegueza ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zelebhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni uhlelo lokwelashwa olunengqondo kakhulu.
"Ukuxilongwa komkhuhlane kanye noHlelo Lokwelashwa (i-2020 Edition)"[9]kanye "nokuxilongwa komkhuhlane wabantu abadala nokwelashwa okujwayelekile kwezimo eziphuthumayo (i-2022 edition)"[10]Konke kukwenza kucace ukuthi umkhuhlane ufana nezinye izifo nge-covion-19, kanti ama-covion-19 anezimpawu ezimnene nezijwayelekile ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela owomile kanye nothando olubuhlungu, okungelona lula ukuhlukanisa kusuka kumkhuhlane; Ukubonakaliswa okunzima nokubucayi kufaka phakathi i-pneumonia enzima, i-acute yokuphefumula ukucindezelwa syndrome kanye ne-dysfunction ye-argal, okufana nokuvezwa komtholampilo komkhuhlane onzima futhi obucayi, futhi kudingeka ukuthi kuhlukaniswe yi-Epilogy.
"UHLELO LOKUXHUMANA NOKUXHUMANA NOKUXHUMANA NOKUXHUMANA NOKUXHUMANA (I-Tenh Edition Yokuqaliswa Kwesilingo"[11]Kusho ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-COVIK-19 kufanele kuhlukaniswe kusuka ekuthelelekeni kokuphefumula okuphezulu okubangelwa amanye amagciwane.
3 umehluko ekwelashweni komkhuhlane kanye nokutheleleka kwe-covid-19
I-2019-NCOV kanye nomkhuhlane yizifo ezahlukahlukene ezibangelwa amagciwane ahlukile, futhi izindlela zokwelashwa zihlukile. Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezidakamizwa ezi-antiviral kungavimba izinkinga ezinkulu kanye nengozi yokufa kwezifo ezimbili.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezincane ze-antiviral ezifana ne-nimatvir / ritonavir, azVudine, i-monola kanye nokungathathi hlangothi izidakamizwa ze-antibody ezinjenge-ambaviruzumab / romisvir monoclonal antibody umjovo we-ambavirukumab /[12].
Izidakamizwa ze-Anti-Fourbenza ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa ama-inhibitors (i-OseltAmivir, i-Zanamivir inhibitors, i-hemagglutin inhibitors (Abidor) kanye ne-RNA polymerase inhibitors (i-mabaloxavir), enemiphumela emihle yomkhuhlane odumile wamanje ne-B[13].
Ukukhetha irejimeni efanelekile ye-antiviral kubaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni kuka-2019-NCOV kanye nomkhuhlane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhomba ama-pathogen ngokusobala ukuqondisa imishanguzo yezempilo.
I-4 covid-19 / umkhuhlane A / Umkhuhlane we-A / Umkhuhlane we-NUCLEIC Acid Products
Lo mkhiqizo uhlinzeka ngokuhlonza okusheshayo nolunembile oF 2019-NCOV, Umkhuhlane A kanye nomkhuhlane B Amagciwane, futhi kusiza ukuhlukanisa ngo-2019-NCOV kanye nomkhuhlane, izifo ezimbili zokuphefumula ezithathelwanayo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo zomtholampilo kepha amasu ahlukile wokwelashwa. Ngokubona ama-pathogen, kungaqondisa ukuthuthukiswa komtholampilo kwezinhlelo zokwelashwa okuhlosiwe futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi iziguli zingathola ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi.
Isixazululo sonke:
Iqoqo Isampula - I-Nucleic Acid Extraction - Repection Reagent - Reach Reaction Reaction
Ukuhlonza okunembile: Khomba i-Covid-19 (Orf1ab, N), Umkhuhlane I-Virus ne-Umkhuhlane B Virus nge-tube eyodwa.
Uzwela kakhulu: ILod ye-Covid-19 amakhophi angama-300 amakhophi angama-300 / ml, kanye nowomkhuhlane A ne-B Virus ngamakhophi angama-500 / ml.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele: I-Covid-19 ifaka zonke izinhlobo ezaziwayo ze-mutant, ezinomkhuhlane afaka phakathi kwe-H1N1, H3N2, H7N1 2009, i-H5N1, i-H7N9, njll. ukutholwa.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuthembekile
Kusetshenziswe kakhulu: Iyahambisana nethuluzi lesiteshi esilinganiselwe se-Fluorence Pcr emakethe.
Ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo: NgeMacro & Micro-T-sermUhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lwe-nucleic acid extraction system nama-reagents akhishwayo, ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kanye nokuvumelana kwemiphumela kuyathuthuka.
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo
Ukunqubekela phambili
1. World Health Orgaination. Ukulandelela i-SARS-Cov-2 ehlukahlukene [Eb / Ol]. (2023-01-08]. I-HTTPS: // www. Who.int/activities/Tracking-sark-CHariariants.
2. Ukuhunyushwa okugunyaziwe _ Liang Wannian: Izinga lokufa ku-OMICON liphi izikhathi eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-8 ngomkhuhlane _ mina izindaba
3. UFeng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, et al. Umthwalo we-Umkhuhlane ohambisana nokutholwa komkhuhlane we-Offenzo-Like China eChina, 2006-2015: Isifundo esisekwenzisweni sabantu [j]. Umkhuhlane amanye amagciwane aphefumulelayo, 2020, 14 (2): 162-172.
4. I-LI L, Liu yn, wu p, et al. Umkhuhlane ohambisana nokufakelwa ngokweqile kokuphefumula eChina, ngo-2010-15: Isifundo esisekwenzisweni sabantu [j]. ILancet Public Health, 2019, 4 (9): E473-E481.
I-5. Ama-SWETS MC, Russell CD, Harrison Em, et al. I-SARS-Cov-2 yokutheleleka ngegciwane lomkhuhlane, igciwane lokuphefumula ngokuvumelanisa, noma ama-adenoviruses. Lancet. 2022; 399 (10334): 1463-1464.
6 I-Int J AULELE. 2023; 136: 29-36.
7 J Clin Virol Plus. 2021 Sep; 1 (3): 100036.
8. Adams K, Tastitad KJ, Huang s, et al. Ukwanda kwe-SARS-Cov-2 kanye ne-Flegicalza Coainction kanye nezimpawu zemitholampilo phakathi kwezingane nentsha eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala <iminyaka eyi-18 ezazisesibhedlela i-Ized noma i-United States, 2021-22 Umkhuhlane Womkhumulo. Mmwr morb ukubulawa kukaWKly Rep. 2022; 71 (50): 1589-1596.
9 Ukuxilongwa komkhuhlane nohlelo lokwelashwa (i-2020 edition) [J]. I-Chinese Journal yezifo ezithathelanayo zomtholampilo, ngo-2020, 13 (6): 401-405,411.
10. Igatsha Lodokotela Abezimo Eziphuthumayo Le-Chinese Medical Association, Igatsha Lezimo Eziphuthumayo Le-China Medical Association, China Emergency Medical Association, I-Beijing Emergency Medical Asform, China abantu be-Liberation Army Recievel Armorem Meship. Ngokuvumelana kochwepheshe bezimo eziphuthumayo ekutholweni kokufunwa komkhuhlane abadala nokwelashwa (i-2022 Edition) [J]. I-Chinese Journal of Frieve Care Medicine, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
11. IHhovisi Elijwayelekile leKhomishini Yezempilo Yezwe Nezempilo, uMnyango Wokulawulwa Kwombuso jikelele wokuphathwa kombuso womuthi wendabuko waseChina. Qaphela ngokuphrinta nokusabalalisa uhlelo lokuxilongwa kwe-novel coronavirus kanye nokwelashwa (uhlelo lweshumi leshumi).
12. UZhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, et al. Ukuvumelana kwesazi ekwelashweni kwe-antiviral kwenoveli ye-coronavirus yabantu abathelelekile. I-Chinese Journal yezifo ezithathelanayo zomtholampilo, 2023, 16 (1): 10-20.
13. Igatsha Lodokotela Abezimo Eziphuthumayo Le-Chinese Medical Association, Igatsha Lezimo Eziphuthumayo Le-Chinese Medical Association, China Emergency Association, Beijing Emergency Medical Association, IKomidi Labantu Abaphuthumayo Babantu Benkululeko Yenkululeko Yenkululeko Yenkululeko. Ngokuvumelana kochwepheshe bezimo eziphuthumayo ekutholweni kokufunwa komkhuhlane abadala nokwelashwa (i-2022 Edition) [J]. I-Chinese Journal of Frieve Care Medicine, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-29-2024