IShayina ingenye yamazwe angu-30 anomthwalo omkhulu wesifo sofuba emhlabeni, futhi isimo sobhubhane lwesifo sofuba sasekhaya sibi kakhulu. Ubhubhane lusaqhubeka lubi kwezinye izindawo, futhi amaqembu ezikole ayenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wokuvimbela nokulawula isifo sofuba unzima kakhulu.
01 Ukubuka Konke Ngesifo Sofuba
Ngo-2014, i-WHO yaphakamisa "isu lokuqeda isifo sofuba". Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinga lokutheleleka kwesifo sofuba emhlabeni wonke lehle cishe ngo-2% ngonyaka. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-2015, izinga lokutheleleka kwesifo sofuba ngo-2020 lehle ngo-11% kuphela. I-WHO ilinganisela ukuthi iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-40% ezinesifo sofuba azitholakalanga noma azibikwanga ngo-2020. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambezeleka kokutholakala kwesifo sofuba kusakazeke emhlabeni wonke. Kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezithwele kakhulu kanye nasezigulini ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nokungazweli kwemithi.
Inani leziguli ezilinganisiwe eShayina ngo-2021 lalingu-780,000 (842,000 ngo-2020), kanti izinga elilinganisiwe lokutheleleka ngesifo sofuba lalingu-55 kwabayi-100,000 (59/100,000 ngo-2020). Inani labafa ngesifo sofuba abangenayo i-HIV eShayina lilinganiselwa ku-30,000, kanti izinga lokufa ngesifo sofuba lingu-2.1 kwabayi-100,000.
02 Kuyini i-TB?
Isifo sofuba, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "isifo sofuba", sisifo sokuphefumula esingamahlalakhona esibangelwa yisifo sofuba i-Mycobacterium. Isifo sofuba i-Mycobacterium singahlasela noma kuphi emzimbeni (ngaphandle kwezinwele namazinyo) futhi sivame kakhulu ukuvela emaphashini. Isifo sofuba emaphashini sibanga cishe ama-95% enani lonke lesifo sofuba, kanti ezinye izifo zofuba zifaka phakathi i-tuberculous meningitis, i-tuberculous pleurisy, isifo sofuba samathambo, njll.
03 Isifo sofuba sidluliselwa kanjani?
Umthombo wokutheleleka kwesifo sofuba ikakhulukazi iziguli ezine-smear ye-sputum, kanti amagciwane esifo sofuba adluliselwa kakhulu ngamaconsi. Abantu abaphilile abangenwe yisifo sofuba akusho ukuthi lesi sifo sibangelwa yibo. Ukuthi abantu bayasithola yini lesi sifo kuncike ekubeni khona kwegciwane lesifo sofuba kanye namandla okumelana komzimba.
04 Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sofuba?
Izimpawu zomzimba: umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ukwehla kwesisindo.
Izimpawu zokuphefumula: Ukukhwehlela, isikhwehlela segazi, ubuhlungu besifuba.
Isixazululo se-05
I-Macro & Micro-Test ithuthukise uchungechunge lwezikhithi zokuhlola isifo sofuba i-Mycobacterium ukuze inikeze izixazululo ezihlelekile zokuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba, ukuqapha ukwelashwa kanye nokumelana nemithi.
Izinzuzo
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-DNA Yesifo Sofuba Se-Mycobacterium (i-Fluorescence PCR)
1. Uhlelo lwethula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi, okungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Le khithi isebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-PCR amplification kanye nama-fluorescent probes.
3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: i-LoD ingu-100amabhaktheriya/mL.
 |  |
Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukumelana Nesifo Sofuba i-Mycobacterium Isoniazid (i-Fluorescence PCR)
1. Uhlelo lwethula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi, okungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Le khithi isebenzisa uhlelo lokuguqulwa kwesithiyo sokukhulisa oluthuthukisiwe ngaphakathi oluhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-ARMS nama-probe e-fluorescent.
3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: i-LoD ingu-1×103amabhaktheriya/mL.
4. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukuhlangana kwezakhi zofuzo ezihambisana nokuguqulwa kwezindawo ezine zokumelana nemithi ze-rpoB gene (511, 516, 526 kanye no-531).
 |  |
Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukumelana Ne-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid kanye ne-Rifampicin (Melting Curve)
1. Uhlelo lwethula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi, okungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Ikhithi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthola i-in vitro amplification bendlela ye-melting curve ehlanganiswe ne-closed fluorescent probe equkethe izisekelo ze-RNA.
3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: i-LoD ingamabhaktheriya angu-50/mL.
4. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukuhlangana kwezakhi zofuzo zomuntu, amanye ama-mycobacteria angewona awesifo sofuba, kanye namagciwane e-pneumonia; Ukutholwa kwezindawo zokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo zesifo sofuba se-Mycobacterium ezingamelana nemithi njenge-katG 315G>C\A, InhA-15 C>T.
 |  |
Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Nucleic Acid esekelwe ku-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) yesifo sofuba se-Mycobacterium
1. Uhlelo lwethula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi, okungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.
2. Ikhithi isebenzisa indlela yokukhulisa izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo ye-enzyme digestion probe. Imiphumela yokuthola ingatholakala ngemizuzu engama-30.
3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: i-LoD ingu-1000Copies/mL.
5. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukusabela okuhlangene namanye ama-mycobacteria e-nontuberculous mycobacteria complex (njenge-Mycobacterium Kansas, i-Mycobacterium Suga, i-Mycobacterium nei, njll.) kanye nezinye izifo (njenge-Streptococcus pneumoniae, i-Haemophilus influenzae, i-Escherichia coli, njll.).
 |  |
| I-HWTS-RT001A/B | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-DNA Yesifo Sofuba Se-Mycobacterium (i-PCR ye-Fluorescence) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT105A/B/C | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-DNA ye-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis eyomisiwe eqandisiwe (i-PCR ye-Fluorescence) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-48/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT002A | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukumelana Nesifo Sofuba i-Mycobacterium Isoniazid (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT074A | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukumelana Nesifo Sofuba i-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Rifampicin (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT074B | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukumelana Ne-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid kanye ne-Rifampicin (Melting Curve) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT102A | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Nucleic Acid esekelwe ku-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) yesifo sofuba se-Mycobacterium | Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT123A | Ikhithi Yokuthola I-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid Eyomisiwe Ngokuqandisa (I-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-48/ikhithi |
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-24-2023