Umhla lu-1 kuZibandlela 2022 usuku lwama-35 loSuku Lomhlaba Lwengculazi. I-UNAIDS iqinisekisa ukuthi isihloko soSuku Lomhlaba Lwengculazi luka-2022 sithi "Linganisa".Isihloko sihlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuvimbela nokwelapha i-AIDS, ukukhuthaza wonke umphakathi ukuthi uphendule ngenkuthalo engcupheni yokutheleleka yi-AIDS, kanye nokwakha nokwabelana ngokuhlanganyela indawo enempilo yomphakathi.
Ngokusho kwedatha yoHlelo Lwezizwe Ezihlangene lwe-AIDS, kusukela ngo-2021, kwakunezifo ezintsha ze-HIV eziyizigidi ezingu-1.5 emhlabeni wonke, kanti abantu abangu-650,000 bazofa ngenxa yezifo ezihlobene ne-AIDS. Ubhubhane lwe-AIDS luzobangela ukufa okulinganiselwa ku-1 ngomzuzu.
01 Iyini i-AIDS?
Ingculazi ibizwa nangokuthi "i-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome". Yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yigciwane lokuntuleka kwesimiso somzimba (i-HIV), elibangela ukubhujiswa kwenani elikhulu lama-T lymphocyte futhi lenze umzimba womuntu ulahlekelwe ukusebenza kahle kwamasosha omzimba. Ama-T lymphocyte angamaseli omzimba omzimba womuntu. Ingculazi yenza abantu babe sengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene futhi yandisa amathuba okuba nezimila ezibulalayo, njengoba ama-T-cell eziguli ebhujiswa, futhi amasosha omzimba awo aphansi kakhulu. Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV, okusho ukuthi akukho ukwelashwa kwe-AIDS.
02 Izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-HIV
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka yi-AIDS zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane oqhubekayo, ubuthakathaka, i-lymphadenopathy eqhubekayo, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okungaphezu kuka-10% ezinyangeni eziyi-6. Iziguli ze-AIDS ezinezinye izimpawu zingabangela izimpawu zokuphefumula njengokukhwehlela, ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, njll. Izimpawu zesisu: i-anorexia, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, njll. Ezinye izimpawu: isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukungasabeli, ukwehla kwengqondo, njll.
03 Izindlela zokutheleleka nge-AIDS
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka nge-HIV: ukudluliselwa kwegazi, ukudluliselwa ngocansi, kanye nokudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya enganeni.
(1) Ukudluliselwa kwegazi: Ukudluliselwa kwegazi kuyindlela eqondile kakhulu yokutheleleka. Isibonelo, amasirinji ahlanganyelwe, amanxeba amasha atholakala egazini noma emikhiqizweni yegazi engcolile ene-HIV, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini engcolile yokujova, i-acupuncture, ukukhipha amazinyo, ama-tattoo, ukubhoboza izindlebe, njll. Zonke lezi zimo zisengozini yokutheleleka nge-HIV.
(2) Ukudluliselwa ngocansi: Ukudluliselwa ngocansi kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokutheleleka nge-HIV. Ukuxhumana ngocansi phakathi kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo noma abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo kungaholela ekudlulisweni kwe-HIV.
(3) Ukudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya enganeni: Omama abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi badlulisela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha noma ukuncelisa ngemva kokubeletha.
04 Izixazululo
I-Macro & Micro-Test ibilokhu ihileleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwekhithi yokuthola izifo ezihlobene nokutheleleka, futhi isungule i-HIV Quantitative Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR). Le kit ifanelekela ukutholwa kwe-RNA yegciwane le-human immunodeficiency kumasampula e-serum/plasma. Ingaqapha izinga legciwane le-HIV egazini leziguli ezinegciwane le-human immunodeficiency ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ihlinzeka ngezindlela ezisizayo zokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kweziguli ezinegciwane le-immunodeficiency.
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | Imininingwane |
| Ikhithi Yokuthola Ubuningi Be-HIV (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
Izinzuzo
(1)Ukulawulwa kwangaphakathi kungeniswa kulolu hlelo, olungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola futhi luqinisekise ikhwalithi ye-DNA ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela emibi engamanga.
(2)Isebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-PCR amplification kanye ne-fluorescent probes.
(3)Ukuzwela okuphezulu: i-LoD yekhithi ingu-100 IU/mL, i-LoQ yekhithi ingu-500 IU/mL.
(4)Sebenzisa ikhithi ukuhlola ireferensi kazwelonke ye-HIV ehlanjululwe, i-coefficient yayo yokuxhumana okuqondile (r) akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.98.
(5)Ukuphambuka okuphelele komphumela wokuthola (lg IU/mL) kokunemba akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-±0.5.
(6)Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukuhlangana kwegciwane namanye amasampula egciwane noma amabhaktheriya afana nalawa: i-human cytomegalovirus, igciwane le-EB, igciwane le-human immunodeficiency, igciwane le-hepatitis B, igciwane le-hepatitis A, i-syphilis, igciwane le-herpes simplex uhlobo 1, igciwane le-herpes simplex uhlobo 2, igciwane le-influenza A, i-staphylococcus aureus, i-candida albicans, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-01-2022