Meyi 17, 2023 wusuku lwe-19 lwe-World Hypertension Day.
I-Hypertension yaziwa ngokuthi "umbulali" wempilo yomuntu.Ngaphezu kwengxenye yezifo zenhliziyo, ukushaywa unhlangothi kanye nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme.Ngakho-ke, kusenendlela ende okufanele sihambe ngayo ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
01 Ukusabalala kwe-hypertension emhlabeni jikelele
Emhlabeni wonke, cishe abantu abadala abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.28 abaneminyaka engama-30-79 bahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme.Zingama-42% kuphela iziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme ezitholwayo futhi zelashwe, futhi cishe isiguli esisodwa kweziyisihlanu esinomfutho wegazi ophakeme ongaphansi kokulawula.Ngo-2019, inani lokufa okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme emhlabeni wonke lidlule ezigidini eziyi-10, okubalelwa ku-19% wabo bonke abashonile.
02 Yini I-Hypertension?
I-Hypertension iwumtholampilo we-cardiovascular syndrome ebonakala ngokwanda kwamazinga omfutho wegazi emithanjeni yegazi.
Iziguli eziningi azinazo izimpawu noma izimpawu ezisobala.Inombolo encane yeziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophezulu ingaba nesiyezi, ukukhathala noma ukopha.Ezinye iziguli ezinomfutho wegazi we-systolic ongu-200mmHg noma ngaphezulu zingase zingabi nakho ukubonakaliswa okusobala komtholampilo, kodwa inhliziyo yazo, ubuchopho, izinso nemithambo yegazi iye yonakaliswa ngezinga elithile.Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izifo ezisongela ukuphila ezifana nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, i-myocardial infarction, ukopha ebuchosheni, i-cerebral infarction, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, uremia, nokuvinjelwa kwemithambo ye-peripheral.
(1) Umfutho wegazi ophakeme obalulekile: ama-akhawunti angaba ngu-90-95% weziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme.Kungase kuhlobane nezici eziningi ezifana nezici zofuzo, indlela yokuphila, ukukhuluphala, ukucindezeleka kanye neminyaka.
(2) I-hypertension yesibili: i-akhawunti cishe ye-5-10% yeziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophezulu.Ukwanda komfutho wegazi obangelwa ezinye izifo noma izidakamizwa, njengesifo sezinso, ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, isifo senhliziyo, imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa, njll.
03 Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kweziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme
Izimiso zokwelashwa kwe-hypertension yilezi: ukuphuza imithi isikhathi eside, ukulawula izinga lomfutho wegazi, ukuthuthukisa izimpawu, ukuvimbela nokulawula izinkinga, njll. Izinyathelo zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokuphila, ukulawula komuntu ngamunye umfutho wegazi, nokulawula izici eziyingozi zenhliziyo, phakathi kwazo. ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive kuyisinyathelo sokwelashwa esibaluleke kakhulu.
Odokotela bavame ukukhetha inhlanganisela yemithi ehlukene ngokusekelwe ezingeni lomfutho wegazi kanye nengozi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi yesiguli, futhi bahlanganise ukwelapha ngezidakamizwa ukuze bathole ukulawula okusebenzayo komfutho wegazi.Imithi ye-antihypertensive evame ukusetshenziswa iziguli ihlanganisa i-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), i-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), i-β-blockers, i-calcium channel blockers (CCB), kanye nama-diuretics.
04 Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa komuntu ngamunye ezigulini ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme
Njengamanje, imishanguzo ye-antihypertensive esetshenziswa njalo emtholampilo ngokuvamile inomehluko ngamunye, futhi umphumela wokwelapha wezidakamizwa ze-hypertension uhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-polymorphisms yofuzo.I-Pharmacogenomics ingacacisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuphendula komuntu ngamunye emithini kanye nokuhlukahluka kofuzo, njengomphumela wokwelapha, izinga lomthamo kanye nokulinda okungalungile.Odokotela abahlonza izakhi zofuzo ezihlosiwe ezihilelekile ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi ezigulini bangasiza ekulinganiseni imithi.
Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kwama-polymorphisms ofuzo ahlobene nezidakamizwa kunganikeza ubufakazi bofuzo obufanele bokukhethwa komtholampilo kwezinhlobo ezifanele zezidakamizwa nemithamo yezidakamizwa, futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
05 Isibalo sabantu esisebenzayo sokuhlolwa kofuzo kwemithi yomuntu ngamunye ye-hypertension
(1) Iziguli ezine-hypertension
(2) Abantu abanomlando womndeni we-hypertension
(3) Abantu abaye baba nokusabela okubi kwezidakamizwa
(4) Abantu abanomphumela omubi wokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
(5) Abantu abadinga ukuthatha izidakamizwa eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa
06 Izixazululo
I-Macro & Micro-Test ithuthukise amakhithi okuthola i-fluorescence amaningi ukuze iqondiswe futhi ihlonzwe imithi yomfutho wegazi ophezulu, ihlinzeka ngesixazululo esiphelele nesiphelele sokuqondisa imithi yomuntu ngamunye emtholampilo kanye nokuhlola ubungozi bokusabela kabi kwezidakamizwa:
Umkhiqizo ungathola izakhi zofuzo eziyisi-8 ezihlobene nemithi elwa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nezigaba ezi-5 ezihambisanayo zezidakamizwa (B adrenergic receptor blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Calcium antagonists kanye nama-diuretics), ithuluzi elibalulekile elingaqondisa imithi yomuntu ngamunye. futhi uhlole ubungozi bokusabela kabi kwezidakamizwa.Ngokuthola ama-enzyme e-metabolizing yomuthi kanye nezakhi zofuzo eziqondiswe emithini, odokotela bangaqondiswa ukuthi bakhethe imishanguzo efanelekile ye-antihypertensive kanye nesilinganiso seziguli ezithile, futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezilwa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Kulula ukuyisebenzisa: kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bejika elincibilikayo, imithombo emi-2 yokusabela ingathola amasayithi ayi-8.
Ukuzwela okuphezulu: umkhawulo ophansi wokutholwa ngu-10.0ng/μL.
Ukunemba okuphezulu: Isamba samasampuli angu-60 ahlolwe, futhi amasayithi e-SNP ofuzo ngalunye ayehambisana nemiphumela yokulandelana kwesizukulwane esilandelayo noma ukulandelana kwesizukulwane sokuqala, futhi izinga lokuphumelela lokuthola lalingu-100%.
Imiphumela ethembekile: Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okujwayelekile kwangaphakathi kungaqapha yonke inqubo yokuthola.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-17-2023