Umhla ziyi-17 kuNhlaba 2023 “uSuku Lomhlaba Lokucindezeleka Komfutho Wegazi”.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme waziwa ngokuthi "umbulali" wempilo yabantu. Izifo zenhliziyo, ukufa kohlangothi kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungaphezu kwengxenye kubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngakho-ke, sisenendlela ende okufanele siyihambe ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
01 Ukusabalala komfutho wegazi ophakeme emhlabeni jikelele
Emhlabeni jikelele, cishe abantu abadala abayizigidigidi eziyi-1.28 abaneminyaka engu-30-79 bahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Bangu-42% kuphela beziguli ezine-hypertension abaxilongwa futhi belashwe, futhi cishe oyedwa kwabahlanu weziguli umfutho wegazi wabo ulawulwa. Ngo-2019, inani lokufa okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme emhlabeni wonke ladlula izigidi eziyi-10, okubalwa cishe u-19% wabo bonke abafa.
02 Kuyini ukucindezeleka kwegazi?
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme yisifo senhliziyo esibonakala ngokwanda okuqhubekayo kwamazinga omfutho wegazi emithanjeni yegazi.
Iningi leziguli alinazo izimpawu noma izimpawu ezicacile. Inani elincane leziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme lingase libe nesiyezi, ukukhathala noma ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni. Ezinye iziguli ezine-systolic blood pressure engu-200mmHg noma ngaphezulu zingase zingabi nazo izimpawu ezicacile zezokwelapha, kodwa inhliziyo yazo, ubuchopho, izinso kanye nemithambo yegazi yonakele ngezinga elithile. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izifo ezisongela ukuphila ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-myocardial infarction, ukopha kobuchopho, i-cerebral infarction, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, i-uremia, kanye nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi engaphandle kuzogcina kuvele.
(1) Umfutho wegazi ophakeme obalulekile: ubangela cishe ama-90-95% eziguli ezine-hypertension. Kungase kuhlotshaniswe nezici eziningi ezifana nezici zofuzo, indlela yokuphila, ukukhuluphala, ukucindezeleka kanye nobudala.
(2) Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wesibili: ubanga cishe ama-5-10% eziguli ezine-hypertension. Kuwukwenyuka komfutho wegazi okubangelwa ezinye izifo noma izidakamizwa, njengesifo sezinso, izifo ze-endocrine, isifo senhliziyo, imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa, njll.
03 Ukwelashwa ngemithi yeziguli ezine-hypertension
Izimiso zokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme yilezi: ukuthatha umuthi isikhathi eside, ukulawula izinga lomfutho wegazi, ukuthuthukisa izimpawu, ukuvimbela nokulawula izinkinga, njll. Izindlela zokwelapha zifaka phakathi ukuthuthukisa indlela yokuphila, ukulawula umfutho wegazi ngamunye, kanye nokulawula izici eziyingozi zenhliziyo, phakathi kwazo ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi kuyisinyathelo sokwelapha esibaluleke kakhulu.
Odokotela bavame ukukhetha inhlanganisela yemithi ehlukene ngokusekelwe ezingeni lomfutho wegazi kanye nengozi iyonke yesifo senhliziyo yesiguli, bese behlanganisa ukwelashwa ngemithi ukuze kufezwe ukulawula okuphumelelayo komfutho wegazi. Imithi yokulwa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme evame ukusetshenziswa yiziguli ihlanganisa ama-enzyme inhibitors aguqula i-angiotensin (ACEI), ama-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), ama-β-blockers, ama-calcium channel blockers (CCB), kanye nama-diuretics.
04 Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kokusetshenziswa kwemithi komuntu ngamunye ezigulini ezine-hypertension
Njengamanje, imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi esetshenziswa njalo emitholampilo ngokuvamile inomehluko ngamunye, futhi umphumela wokwelapha wemithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi uhlobene kakhulu ne-polymorphisms yezakhi zofuzo. I-Pharmacogenomics ingacacisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwempendulo yomuntu ngamunye emithini kanye nokwehluka kwezakhi zofuzo, njengomphumela wokwelapha, izinga lomthamo kanye nokulinda kokusabela okubi. Odokotela abahlonza izinhloso zezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekulawulweni komfutho wegazi ezigulini bangasiza ekwenzeni imithi ibe yijwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kwe-polymorphisms yezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nezidakamizwa kunganikeza ubufakazi obufanele bezakhi zofuzo ekukhetheni kwezokwelapha izinhlobo zemithi ezifanele kanye nemithamo yemithi, futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
05 Inani labantu abafanele ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo zemithi yomuntu ngamunye yomfutho wegazi ophakeme
(1) Iziguli ezine-hypertension
(2) Abantu abanomlando womndeni womfutho wegazi ophakeme
(3) Abantu abaye baba nokusabela okubi kwezidakamizwa
(4) Abantu abanenkinga yokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa
(5) Abantu abadinga ukuthatha izidakamizwa eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa
Izixazululo ze-06
I-Macro & Micro-Test ithuthukise amakhithi amaningi okuthola ukukhanya ukuze iqondise futhi ithole imithi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, inikeze ikhambi eliphelele neliphelele lokuqondisa imithi yomtholampilo yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuhlola ingozi yokusabela okubi kakhulu kwemithi:
Lo mkhiqizo ungabona izakhi zofuzo ezingu-8 ezihlobene nemithi yokulwa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nezinhlobo ezi-5 ezinkulu zemithi (ama-blocker e-B adrenergic receptor, ama-angiotensin II receptor antagonists, ama-angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ama-Calcium antagonists kanye nama-diuretics), ithuluzi elibalulekile elingaqondisa imithi yokwelapha yomuntu ngamunye futhi lihlole ingozi yokusabela okubi kakhulu kwemithi. Ngokuthola ama-enzyme aguqula umuthi kanye nezakhi zofuzo eziqondiswe emithi, odokotela bangaqondiswa ukukhetha imithi efanele yokulwa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nomthamo weziguli ezithile, futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kokwelashwa kwemithi yokulwa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Kulula ukuyisebenzisa: kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-melting curve, imithombo emibili yokusabela ingathola izindawo eziyi-8.
Ukuzwela okuphezulu: umkhawulo wokutholwa ophansi kakhulu ngu-10.0ng/μL.
Ukunemba okuphezulu: Kuhlolwe amasampula angu-60, kanti izindawo ze-SNP zesakhi ngasinye sofuzo zazihambisana nemiphumela yokulandelana kwesizukulwane esilandelayo noma ukulandelana kwesizukulwane sokuqala, kanti izinga lempumelelo lokutholwa lalingu-100%.
Imiphumela ethembekile: ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ejwayelekile yangaphakathi kungaqapha yonke inqubo yokuthola.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-17-2023