Meyi 17, 2023 usuku lwe-19 hypertension lwe-World Hypertension ".
I-Hypertension yaziwa ngokuthi "Killer" yempilo yabantu. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yezifo zenhliziyo, imivimbo nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngakho-ke, sisenendlela ende yokuthola ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwe-hypertension.
01 Ukumelana Kwombeka Okugcwele Kwegazi
Emhlabeni jikelele, cishe abadala abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,28 abaneminyaka yobudala engama-30-79 bahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ama-42% kuphela weziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme atholakele futhi aphathwe, futhi cishe kukodwa ezigulini ezinhlanu zinomfutho wegazi wazo. Ngo-2019, inani lokufa kwabantu elibangelwa umfutho wegazi emhlabeni wonke lidlula ezigidini eziyi-10, ezibalwa yi-19% yabo bonke abafa.
02 Uyini umfutho wegazi ophakeme?
I-Hypertension yisifo senhliziyo ye-cardical cardiovascular esibonakaliswa ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi eqhubekayo emikhunjini engatheni.
Iningi leziguli alinazimpawu ezisobala noma izibonakaliso. Inani elincane leziguli ezixakile lingase libe nesiyezi, ukukhathala noma i-nosebleeds. Ezinye iziguli ezinomfutho wegazi we-systolic we-200mmHHG noma ngaphezulu kungenzeka zingabi nokubonakaliswa okusobala kwemitholampilo, kepha izinhliziyo zazo, ubuchopho kanye nemithambo yegazi kulinyazwe ngezinga elithile. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izifo ezisongela impilo ezinjengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukungasebenzi kwe-myocardial, i-hemorrhage ye-cerebral, infarral, i-renal incarcise, i-uRemia, kanye ne-peripheral vascularclusion, ekugcineni kwe-vareria, kanye ne-peripheral vasculall kuyo ekugcineni.
(1) Umfutho we-hypertension obalulekile: ama-akhawunti acishe abe ngu-90-95% weziguli ezingenagazi. Kungahle kuhlobane nezici eziningi ezinjengezici zofuzo, indlela yokuphila, ukukhuluphala, ukukhuluphala, ukucindezela nobudala.
(2) Umfutho wegazi owesibili Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi okubangelwa ezinye izifo noma izidakamizwa, njengezifo zezinso, ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, isifo senhliziyo, imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa, njll.
I-03 Ukwelashwa Kwezidakamizwa kweziguli ezinama-hypertensive
Imigomo yokwelashwa ye-Hypertension yileso sikhathi: Ukulawula Umuthi isikhathi eside, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokucindezela kwegazi, ukuthuthukisa izimpawu, njll. Izinyathelo zokwelashwa zifaka ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokuphila, nokulawulwa kwezici zobungozi bezinhliziyo, phakathi kwazo Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi ye-antihypensive kubaluleke kakhulu ukwelashwa.
Odokotela bavame ukukhetha inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene ngokususelwa ezingeni lokucindezela kwegazi kanye nengozi yenhliziyo yesiguli, futhi kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ukuze kufezeke kahle ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi. Izidakamizwa ezi-AntihyPertensive ezivame ukusetshenziswa yiziguli zifaka phakathi i-Engeriotensin - Ukuguqula ama-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), ama-Aliotensin Receptor Blockers (i-ARB), ama-β-blockers, ama-diuretics (CCB), nama-diuretics.
04 Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa okwenziwe ngezifo ezihlotshisiwe ezigulini ezingenampilo
Njengamanje, izidakamizwa ezi-antihypensive ezisetshenziswe njalo ekusebenzeni kwemitholampilo ngokuvamile zinokuhlukahlukana komuntu ngamunye, futhi umphumela oseleyo wezidakamizwa we-hypertension uhambelana kakhulu nama-polymorphisms afuywayo. I-Pharmacogenomics ingacacisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuphendula komuntu ngamunye ezidakamizweni nasekuhlukahluka kofuzo, njengomphumela wokuvuselela, izinga lokuthambisa kanye nokuphendula okunamandla kulindile. Odokotela abahlonza imigomo yofuzo ebandakanyeka ekulingweni kwengcindezi yegazi ezigulini kungasiza ukumisa imishanguzo.
Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kwama-polymorphisphisms ahlobene nezidakamizwa kunganikeza ubufakazi obufanele bezakhi zofuzo ngokukhethwa kwemitholampilo ngezinhlobo ezifanele zezidakamizwa kanye nemithamo yezidakamizwa, futhi uthuthukise ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
Inani labantu elisebenzayo lokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwemithi yomuntu ngamunye ye-hypertension
(1) Iziguli ezine-hypertension
(2) Abantu abanomlando womndeni we-hypertension
(3) Abantu abaye babhekana nezidakamizwa ezimbi
(4) Abantu abanomphumela omubi wokuphamba izidakamizwa
(5) Abantu abadinga ukuthatha izidakamizwa eziningi ngasikhathi sinye
06 izixazululo
IMacro & Micro-Test ithuthukise amakhithi wokutholwa kwama-fluorescence amaningi wokuholwa kanye nokutholwa kwemithi ye-hypertension, enikeza isixazululo esibanzi futhi esibanzi sokuqondisa imishanguzo yezempilo kanye nokuhlola ubungozi bokuphendula kwezidakamizwa okubi kakhulu:
Umkhiqizo ungabona izidakamizwa ze-8 ezine ezihlobene nezidakamizwa ezi-antihytensive kanye nezigaba ezi-5 ezihambisanayo zezidakamizwa (B adrerergic receptor avenists, i-angerensin iguqula ama-enzyme inhibitors, ithumba le-enzyme), ithuluzi elibalulekile elingaqondisa imishanguzo yezempilo futhi uhlole ubungozi bokuphendula kwezidakamizwa okungathi sína. Ngokuthola ama-enzymes wezidakamizwa kanye nohlobo lokuqondiswa kwezidakamizwa, odokotela bangaqondiswa ukukhetha izidakamizwa ezifanele ze-antihyPertensist kanye nemithamo yeziguli ezithile, futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuphepha kokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.
Kulula ukuyisebenzisa: Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bejika elincibilikayo, imithombo yokuphendula engu-2 ingabona amasayithi ayi-8.
Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Umkhawulo ophansi kakhulu ungowokutholwa ngu-10.0NG / μL.
Ukunemba okuphezuluKuhlolwe amasampula angama-60, futhi amasayithi we-SNP wohlobo ngalunye ayehambisana nemiphumela yokulandelana kwezizukulwane ezilandelayo noma ukulandelana kwezizukulwane zokuqala, kanye nezinga lempumelelo yokutholwa kwakungu-100%.
Imiphumela Ethembekile: Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yangaphakathi yangaphakathi kungabheka yonke inqubo yokutholwa.
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-17-2023