1 yini umalaleveva
Umalaleveva isifo esiyisinanakazana esingavinjelwa futhi esilaphekayo, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukuzamazama" kanye "nomkhuhlane obandayo", futhi ungesinye sezifo ezithathelwanayo ezibeka impilo yomuntu engcupheni emhlabeni jikelele.
Umalaleveva isifo esithathelwanayo esithwalwa yizinambuzane esibangelwa ukulunywa yi-Anopheles noma ukumpontshelwa igazi kubantu abane-plasmodium.
Kunezinhlobo ezine ze-plasmodium parasitic emzimbeni womuntu:
2 izindawo eziwubhubhane
Kuze kube manje, ubhadane lomhlaba wonke lukamalaleveva luseyingozi kakhulu, futhi cishe amaphesenti angama-40 abantu emhlabeni bahlala ezindaweni ezigcwele umalaleveva.
Umalaleveva useyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, njengoba cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-500 bahlala ezindaweni ezigcwele umalaleveva. Minyaka yonke, cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-100 emhlabeni wonke banezimpawu zomtholampilo zikamalaleveva, ama-90% abo asezwenikazi lase-Afrika, futhi bangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili abantu ababulawa umalaleveva minyaka yonke. INingizimu-mpumalanga ne-Asia emaphakathi nazo ziyizindawo lapho umalaleveva udlange khona. Umalaleveva usadlangile eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.
Ngomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana, 2021, i-WHO yamemezela ukuthi iChina yathola isitifiketi sokuthi ayinawo umalaleveva.
3 indlela yokudlulisa umalaleveva
01. Ukutheleleka ngomiyane
Umzila oyinhloko wokudlulisa:
Lunywa umiyane othwele i-plasmodium.
02. Ukudluliselwa kwegazi
Umalaleveva wokuzalwa ungabangelwa i-placenta eyonakele noma igazi likamama elitheleleke nge-plasmodium ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka futhi ukungenwa umalaleveva ngokungenisa igazi elitheleleke nge-plasmodium.
4 Ukubonakaliswa okujwayelekile kwe-malaria
Kusukela ekuthelelekeni komuntu nge-plasmodium kuya ekuqaleni (izinga lokushisa lomlomo elingaphezu kuka-37.8℃), libizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokufukamela.
Isikhathi se-incubation sihlanganisa sonke isikhathi se-infrared kanye nomjikelezo wokuqala wokuzala wenkathi ebomvu. Umalaleveva ovamile we-vivax, umalaleveva we-ovoid izinsuku ezingu-14, umalaleveva we-falciparum izinsuku ezingu-12, nomalaleveva wezinsuku ezintathu izinsuku ezingu-30.
Amanani ahlukene e-protozoa ethelelekile, izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, amasosha omzimba ahlukene kanye nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokutheleleka konke kungabangela izikhathi ezihlukene zokufukamela.
Kukhona okuthiwa yizinhlobo zezinambuzane ze-latency ezinde ezindaweni ezipholile, ezingaba yizinyanga eziyi-8 ~ 14.
Isikhathi sokufukamela sokutheleleka ngokumpontshelwa yizinsuku ezingu-7 ~ 10. Umalaleveva wengane inesikhathi esifushane sokufukamela.
Isikhathi se-incubation singanwetshwa kubantu abane-immunity ethile noma labo abaphuze imithi yokuvimbela.
5 Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa
01. Umalaleveva usakazwa omiyane. Ukuzivikela komuntu siqu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukulunywa omiyane. Ikakhulukazi ngaphandle, zama ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, njengemikhono emide namabhulukwe. Isikhumba esiveziwe singagcotshwa ngomuthi oxosha omiyane.
02. Yenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuvikeleni umndeni, sebenzisa amanethi omiyane, izicabha nezikrini, futhi ufafaze izidakamizwa ezibulala omiyane ekamelweni ngaphambi kokulala.
03. Qaphela ukukhucululwa kwendle kwemvelo, susa udoti nokhula, ugcwalise imigodi yendle, wenze umsebenzi omuhle ekulawuleni omiyane.
isisombululo
I-Macro-Micro & Testisungule uchungechunge lwezinsiza zokuhlonza umalaleveva, ezingasetshenziswa endaweni yesikhulumi se-fluorescence PCR, iplathifomu yokukhulisa i-isothermal kanye neplathifomu ye-immunochromatography, futhi inikeze isisombululo esiphelele nesiphelele sokuxilongwa, ukuqapha ukwelashwa kanye nokubikezelwa kokutheleleka nge-plasmodium:
01/ipulatifomu ye-immunochromatographic
I-Plasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax AntigenIkhithi Yokuthola
Ikhithi yokuthola i-antigen ye-Plasmodium falciparum
Ikhithi yokuthola i-Plasmodium antigen
Ilungele ukutholwa nokuhlonzwa kwekhwalithi ye-Plasmodium falciparum (PF), i-Plasmodium vivax (PV), i-Plasmodium ovatum (PO) noma i-Plasmodium vivax (PM) egazini le-venous noma egazini le-capillary labantu abanezimpawu zikamalaleveva nezimpawu ku-vitro, futhi ingenza ukuxilonga okuyisizayo kokutheleleka nge-plasmodium.
Ukusebenza okulula: indlela enezinyathelo ezintathu
Ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa legumbi kanye nokuhamba: Ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa kwegumbi kanye nokuhamba izinyanga ezingama-24.
Imiphumela enembile: ukuzwela okuphezulu nokucaciswa.
02/fluorescent PCR yesikhulumi
Ikhithi yokuthola i-Plasmodium nucleic acid
Ilungele ukutholwa nokuhlonzwa kwekhwalithi ye-Plasmodium falciparum (PF), i-Plasmodium vivax (PV), i-Plasmodium ovatum (PO) noma i-Plasmodium vivax (PM) egazini le-venous noma egazini le-capillary labantu abanezimpawu zikamalaleveva nezimpawu ku-vitro, futhi ingenza ukuxilonga okuyisizayo kokutheleleka nge-plasmodium.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yereferensi yangaphakathi: qapha ngokugcwele inqubo yokuhlola ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
Ukuzwela okuphezulu: 5 Amakhophi/μL
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukusabela okuphambene namagciwane avamile okuphefumula.
03/Ipulatifomu yokukhulisa izinga lokushisa njalo.
Ikhithi yokuthola i-Plasmodium nucleic acid
Ilungele ukutholwa kwekhwalithi ye-plasmodium nucleic acid kumasampula egazi aseduze okusolwa ukuthi angenwe yi-plasmodium.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yereferensi yangaphakathi: qapha ngokugcwele inqubo yokuhlola ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
Ukuzwela okuphezulu: 5 Amakhophi/μL
Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukusabela okuphambene namagciwane avamile okuphefumula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-26-2024