Ngo-Ephreli 2026, umkhumbi wokuhamba ngezinyawo onamafulegi aseDashiMS HondiusWasuka e-Ushuaia, e-Argentina. Ngomhlaka-6 kuMbasa, umgibeli waba nomkhuhlane kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu, washona esikebheni ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu. Umkakhe naye wagula washona ngemuva kokudluliselwa eNingizimu Afrika. Ngemva kwalokho, umgibeli waseBrithani oneminyaka engu-69 ubudala watholakala ene-hantavirus futhi usagcinwe egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile. Kusukela ngomhlaka-13 kuNhlaba, i-World Health Organization ibike ukuthiAmacala ayi-11 kanye nokufa okungu-3okuhambisana nokuqubuka komkhumbi.
I. Ukubuka Konke Kwegciwane kanye Nezinhlobo Ezibangela Izifo
Ama-Hantavirus ayiqembu lamagciwane e-RNA athwalwa kakhulu amagundane, angaphansi kohlobo lwe-Orthohantavirus emndenini we-Bunyaviridae. I-genome yawo yakhiwa yi-izingxenye ezintathu (L, M, kanye no-S), ukufaka ikhodi ye-RNA polymerase encike kwi-RNA, ama-glycoprotein, kanye ne-nucleocapsid protein, ngokulandelana. Ngokusekelwe ekusabalaleni kwendawo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo, ama-hantavirus ahlukaniswa ngezigabaamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
Ama-hantavirus e-Old World(etholakala eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika) imbangelaUmkhuhlane Wegazi Ohambisana Nesifo Sezinso (HFRS). Amagciwane amele afaka phakathi igciwane i-Hantaan (HTNV), igciwane i-Seoul (SEOV), kanye negciwane i-Puumala (PUUV). Ahlasela kakhulu izinso, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwezinso, ukubonakaliswa kwegazi, kanye nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukushaqeka. Amazinga okufa kwamacala ayahlukahluka ngohlobo lwegciwane kodwa ngokuvamile asukela ku-<1% kuya ku-5-15%.
Ama-hantavirus e-New World(esakazeka eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika) imbangelaI-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). Amagciwane amele afaka phakathi igciwane le-Sin Nombre (SNV) kanye negciwane le-Andes (ANDV). Ahlasela kakhulu amaphaphu, okubangela ukuqubuka okusheshayo kwe-pulmonary oedema okungeyona eyenhliziyo, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Izimpawu zokuqala zifana nomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane, i-myalgia, izinkinga zesisu), kodwa lesi sifo singathuthuka ngokushesha sibe ukwehluleka kokuphefumula, kanyeamazinga okufa kwamacala afinyelela ku-30-50%.
Ukuqubuka komkhumbi wokuhamba ngesikebhe kubangelwe kakhulu yi-Igciwane le-Andes (ANDV), okungeyakwaI-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)uhlobo oluthile.
II. Ama-Hantavirus Ahlobene Ne-HFRS Yendabuko vs. I-Andes Virus (HPS)
III. Izindlela Zokudlulisa
I-Hantavirus idluliselwa kakhulu nge-ukuthintana ngqo nendle, amathe, noma umchamo wamagundane athelelekile, noma ngoukuhogela indle efakwe umoyaEminye imizila engaba khona ihlanganisa:
-Ukulunywa noma ukuklwejwa amagundane athelelekile;
-Ukudla ukudla okungcoliswe umchamo wegundane onegciwane, amaconsi, noma amathe;
-Ukuthinta amehlo, impumulo, noma umlomo ngemva kokuthinta izinto ezingcolisiwe.
Ukudluliselwa komuntu nomuntu akuvamile kakhulukodwa sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthiIgciwane le-Andes (ANDV).
IV. Ukulandelela Ukuxhumana Kwe-Hantavirus Yomhlaba Wonke - Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Nucleic Acid Nokulandelana Njengobuchwepheshe Obuyinhloko
Ngemva kokuqubuka kwe-ANDV, iziphathimandla zezempilo emazweni angaphezu kweshumi - okuhlanganisa iSpain, i-United Kingdom, i-United States, iCanada, neSwitzerland - ngesikhathi esifanayo zaqala ukulandelela oxhumana nabo kanye nokuqapha ukuhlukaniswa. IFrance, i-United States, kanye nabanye baqhubekile nokulandelela isimo sempilo sezakhamuzi zabo ezibuyile emkhunjini othintekile.
Kulesi sixazululo esiphuthumayo samazwe amaningi,ukuhlolwa kwe-nucleic acid kanye nokulandelana kwezakhi zofuzobadlale indima ebalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu:
-Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nucleic acidinikeza ubufakazi obucacile bokuhlonza ngokushesha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
-Ukulandelana kwe-genomicinikeza ubufakazi obungenakuguqulwa bama-molecule bokulandelela umthombo wokutheleleka, ukuqinisekisa uchungechunge lokudlulisela, kanye nokuhlola izinguquko zegciwane.
V. Izixazululo Zokuthola I-Hantavirus (Ikakhulukazi Uhlobo lwe-HPS)
1. Ukuhlonza Igciwane Kwasekuqaleni
1.1 Ukuhlolwa Kwendawo Yokunakekelwa (POCT)
Ukuhlolwa okunembile nokuhlolwa okuphuthumayo –isampula-ukuze-umphumela ngehora eli-1.
1.2 I-PCR Ejwayelekile
2. Izixazululo Zokulandelana
Ukuze kutholakale izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nokulandelela ukuqubuka kwazo ezimweni zesifoumkhuhlane ongaziwa ukuthi uvelaphi, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, noma ukubonakaliswa kwegazi.
Izici eziyinhloko:
VI. Idatha Yokusebenza Eqinisekisiwe
Ukulandelana kwe-genome ephelele okusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwamasampula ane-hantavirus atholakale>99% ukumbozwa kwe-genome ekujuleni okungu-30×.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-hantavirus ezisekelwe emanzini angcolile kanye nesilinganiso sezinhlobo ezincane kungenzeka.
VII. Amakhithi Ahlobene
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-14-2026