Umqondo wesimila
I-tumor iyisidalwa esisha esakhiwe ukwanda okungajwayelekile kwamaseli emzimbeni, okuvame ukubonakala njengenqwaba yezicubu ezingavamile (isigaxa) engxenyeni yendawo yomzimba. Ukwakheka kwe-tumor kuwumphumela wokuphazamiseka okukhulu kokulawulwa kokukhula kwamaseli ngaphansi kwesenzo sezinto ezahlukahlukene ezibangela umdlavuza. Ukwanda okungajwayelekile kwamaseli okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-tumor kubizwa ngokuthi ukwanda kwe-neoplastic.
Ngo-2019, i-Cancer Cell yashicilela isihloko muva nje. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi i-metformin ingavimbela kakhulu ukukhula kwesimila esimweni sokuzila ukudla, futhi basikisela ukuthi indlela ye-PP2A-GSK3β-MCL-1 ingaba yinhloso entsha yokwelashwa kwesimila.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesimila esingenabungozi nesimila esibi
Isimila esingesihle: ukukhula kancane, i-capsule, ukukhula okuvuvukala, ukushelela lapho kuthintwa, umngcele ocacile, akukho ukusabalala kwalesi sifo, isibikezelo esihle ngokuvamile, izimpawu zokucindezeleka kwendawo, ngokuvamile akukho umzimba wonke, ngokuvamile akubangeli ukufa kweziguli.
Isimila esibi (umdlavuza): ukukhula okusheshayo, ukukhula okuhlaselayo, ukunamathela ezicutshini ezizungezile, ukungakwazi ukunyakaza lapho kuthintwa, imingcele engacacile, ukusabalala kalula kwesifo, ukuphinda kube khona kalula ngemva kokwelashwa, umkhuhlane ophansi, ukungakuthandi ukudla esigabeni sokuqala, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuncipha okukhulu, ukuntuleka kwegazi kanye nomkhuhlane esigabeni sokugcina, njll. Uma kungelashwa ngesikhathi, kuvame ukuholela ekufeni.
"Ngenxa yokuthi izimila ezingenabungozi nezimila ezinobungozi azigcini nje ngokuba nezimpawu ezahlukene zezokwelapha, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, isibikezelo sazo sihlukile, ngakho-ke uma usuthole iqhubu emzimbeni wakho kanye nezimpawu ezingenhla, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngesikhathi."
Ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye kwesimila
Iphrojekthi Yezakhi Zofuzo Zabantu kanye Nephrojekthi Yezakhi Zofuzo Zomdlavuza Yomhlaba Wonke
I-Human Genome Project, eyasungulwa ngokusemthethweni e-United States ngo-1990, ihlose ukuvula wonke amakhodi ezakhi zofuzo ezingaba ngu-100,000 emzimbeni womuntu futhi idwebe ububanzi bezakhi zofuzo zomuntu.
Ngo-2006, i-International Cancer Genome Project, eyasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela amazwe amaningi, ingenye ucwaningo olukhulu lwesayensi ngemuva kwe-Human Genome Project.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko ekwelapheni isimila
Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa komuntu ngamunye = Ukuxilongwa komuntu ngamunye+imithi eqondiwe
Ezigulini eziningi ezahlukene ezihlushwa yisifo esifanayo, indlela yokwelapha ukusebenzisa umuthi ofanayo kanye nomthamo ojwayelekile, kodwa empeleni, iziguli ezahlukene zinomehluko omkhulu emphumeleni wokwelashwa kanye nokusabela okubi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lo mehluko uyabulala ngisho nangokwengeziwe.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi okuqondiwe kunezici zokubulala amangqamuzana esimila ngokukhetha okukhulu ngaphandle kokubulala noma ukulimaza amangqamuzana avamile kancane, nemiphumela emibi emincane, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokuphila kanye nomphumela wokwelapha weziguli.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kuklanyelwe ukuhlasela ama-molecule athile aqondiwe, kubalulekile ukuthola izakhi zofuzo zesimila nokuthola ukuthi iziguli zinezinhloso ezifanayo yini ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi, ukuze kusetshenziswe umphumela waso wokwelapha.
Ukutholwa kwezakhi zofuzo zesimila
Ukutholwa kwezakhi zofuzo zesimila kuyindlela yokuhlaziya nokulandelanisa i-DNA/RNA yamaseli esimila.
Ukubaluleka kokutholwa kwezakhi zofuzo zesimila ukuqondisa ukukhethwa kwemithi yokwelapha (imithi eqondiwe, izivimbeli zokuhlola amasosha omzimba kanye nezinye i-AIDS entsha, ukwelashwa sekwephuzile), kanye nokubikezela ukubikezela kanye nokuphindaphinda kwesifo.
Izixazululo ezinikezwe yi-Acer Macro kanye ne-Micro-Test
Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-EGFR Yomuntu (i-PCR ye-Fluorescence）
Isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinguquko ezijwayelekile ku-exon 18-21 ye-EGFR gene ezigulini zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ezingezona ezincane ezingabantu ngaphandle kweseli elincane.
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi ohlelweni kungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: izinga lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo elingu-1% lingatholakala ngokuzinzile ngemuva kwesisombululo se-nucleic acid yohlobo lwe-wild-type esingu-3ng/μL.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukusabela okuhlangene nemiphumela yokutholwa kwe-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziguquliwe.
Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo ye-KRAS 8 (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuma-codon 12 no-13 e-K-ras gene ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola i-DNA ekhishwe ezingxenyeni ze-pathological ezifakwe i-paraffin yomuntu ku-vitro.
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi ohlelweni kungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: izinga lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo elingu-1% lingatholakala ngokuzinzile ngemuva kwesisombululo se-nucleic acid yohlobo lwe-wild-type esingu-3ng/μL.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukusabela okuhlangene nemiphumela yokutholwa kwe-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziguquliwe.
Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-Human ROS1 (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Kusetshenziswa ukuthola izinhlobo ezingu-14 zokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-ROS1 fusion ezigulini zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ezingezona ezincane zabantu ngaphandle kwe-vitro.
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi ohlelweni kungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: amakhophi angu-20 okuguqulwa kwe-fusion.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukusabela okuhlangene nemiphumela yokutholwa kwe-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziguquliwe.
Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-Human EML4-ALK (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Kusetshenziselwa ukuthola izinhlobo ezingu-12 zokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-EML4-ALK eziguleni zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ezingezona ezincane zabantu ngaphandle kwe-vitro.
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi ohlelweni kungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: amakhophi angu-20 okuguqulwa kwe-fusion.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukusabela okuhlangene nemiphumela yokutholwa kwe-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziguquliwe.
Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwe-Human BRAF Gene V600E (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Isetshenziselwa ukuthola ngokuhlakanipha ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRAF V600E kumasampula ezicubu ezifakwe i-paraffin ze-melanoma yomuntu, umdlavuza we-colorectal, umdlavuza we-thyroid kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-vitro.
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokubhekisela kwangaphakathi ohlelweni kungaqapha ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: izinga lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo elingu-1% lingatholakala ngokuzinzile ngemuva kwesisombululo se-nucleic acid yohlobo lwe-wild-type esingu-3ng/μL.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukusabela okuhlangene nemiphumela yokutholwa kwe-DNA ye-genomic yomuntu yohlobo lwasendle kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziguquliwe.
| Inombolo Yento | Igama Lomkhiqizo | Imininingwane |
| I-HWTS-TM006 | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-Human EML4-ALK (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM007 | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwe-Human BRAF Gene V600E (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-24/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-48/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM009 | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-Human ROS1 (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-20/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM012 | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-EGFR Yomuntu (i-PCR ye-Fluorescence） | Ukuhlolwa okungu-16/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-32/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM014 | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo ye-KRAS 8 (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-24/ikhithi Ukuhlolwa okungu-48/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM016 | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-TEL-AML1 Yomuntu (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-24/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-GE010 | Ikhithi Yokuthola Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ze-BCR-ABL Yomuntu (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Ukuhlolwa okungu-24/ikhithi |
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-17-2024