Izinhlobo eziyisithupha zezifo zokuphefumula

Isifo Segciwane Le-Corona sika-2019, esibizwa ngokuthi "i-COVID-19", sibhekisela e-pneumonia ebangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-SARS-CoV-2. I-SARS-CoV-2 iyi-coronavirus eyingxenye yohlobo lwe-β. I-COVID-19 iyisifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula esibukhali, futhi abantu ngokuvamile bayathinteka. Njengamanje, umthombo wokutheleleka ikakhulukazi yiziguli ezitheleleke yi-SARS-CoV-2, kanti abantu abanegciwane abangenazo izimpawu nabo bangaba umthombo wokutheleleka. Ngokusekelwe ophenyweni lwamanje lwe-epidemiological, isikhathi sokufukamela siyizinsuku eziyi-1-14, ikakhulukazi izinsuku ezi-3-7. Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okomile kanye nokukhathala yizimpawu eziyinhloko. Iziguli ezimbalwa zazinokuminyana kwamakhala, ikhala eligobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, i-myalgia kanye nesifo sohudo.

I-Influenza, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "i-flu", iyisifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula esibangelwa yigciwane le-influenza. Ithelelana kakhulu. Idluliselwa kakhulu ngokukhwehlela nokuthimula. Ivame ukuqubuka entwasahlobo nasebusika. Amagciwane e-Influenza ahlukaniswe abe yi-influenza A, IFV A, influenza B, IFV B, kanye ne-Influenza C, IFV C izinhlobo ezintathu, zonke zingezamagciwane anamathelayo, abangela isifo kubantu ikakhulukazi amagciwane e-influenza A kanye ne-B, iyigciwane le-RNA elinomugqa owodwa, elihlukaniswe ngezigaba. Igciwane le-Influenza A liyisifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula esibukhali, okuhlanganisa i-H1N1, H3N2 nezinye izinhlobo, ezivame ukuguquka nokuqhuma emhlabeni jikelele. Igama elithi "Shift" libhekisela ekuguqukeni kwegciwane le-influenza A, okuholela ekuveleni kwegciwane elisha "elingaphansi". Amagciwane e-Influenza B ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili, i-Yamagata ne-Victoria. Igciwane le-Influenza B linokuhamba kwe-antigenic kuphela, futhi ligwema ukubhekwa nokususwa kwesistimu yomzimba womuntu ngokuguqulwa kwalo. Kodwa-ke, ijubane lokuvela kwegciwane le-influenza B lihamba kancane kunelegciwane le-influenza A lomuntu. Igciwane le-Influenza B lingabangela nezifo zokuphefumula kubantu futhi liholele ezifweni eziwumshayabhuqe.

I-Adenovirus (AdV) ingeye-adenovirus yezilwane ezincelisayo, okuyigciwane le-DNA eliphindwe kabili elingenayo i-enclosure. Okungenani izinhlobo zofuzo ezingu-90 ezitholakele, ezingahlukaniswa zibe yi-AG 7 subgenera. Ukutheleleka kwe-AdV kungabangela izifo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, i-cystitis, i-eye conjunctivitis, izifo zesisu kanye ne-encephalitis. I-Adenovirus pneumonia ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu ze-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini ezinganeni, ebangela cishe u-4%-10% we-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini.

I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) uhlobo lwe-microorganism encane kakhulu ye-prokaryotic, ephakathi kwamagciwane negciwane, enesakhiwo samaseli kodwa engenalo udonga lwamaseli. I-MP ibangela kakhulu ukutheleleka kwendlela yokuphefumula yabantu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasebancane. Ingabangela i-human mycoplasma pneumonia, ukutheleleka kwendlela yokuphefumula yezingane kanye ne-atypical pneumonia. Izimpawu zemitholampilo ziyahlukahluka, eziningi zazo ukukhwehlela okukhulu, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu. Ukutheleleka kwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu kanye ne-bronchial pneumonia yizona ezivame kakhulu. Ezinye iziguli zingathuthuka kusukela ekuthelelekeni kwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu kuya kwi-pneumonia enzima, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula kanye nokufa kungase kwenzeke.

Igciwane le-Respiratory syncytial (RSV) liyigciwane le-RNA, elivela emndenini we-paramyxoviridae. Lidluliselwa ngamaconsi omoya kanye nokuxhumana okuseduze futhi liyimbangela eyinhloko yokutheleleka kwepheshana lokuphefumula eliphansi ezinganeni. Izinsana ezinegciwane le-RSV zingase zibe ne-bronchiolitis enzima (ebizwa ngokuthi i-bronchiolitis) kanye ne-pneumonia, ehlobene ne-asthma ezinganeni. Izinsana zinezimpawu ezinzima, okuhlanganisa umkhuhlane ophezulu, i-rhinitis, i-pharyngitis kanye ne-laryngitis, bese kuba yi-bronchiolitis kanye ne-pneumonia. Izingane ezimbalwa ezigulayo zingaba yinkimbinkimbi nge-otitis media, i-pleurisy kanye ne-myocarditis, njll. Ukutheleleka kwepheshana lokuphefumula eliphezulu kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokutheleleka kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezindala.