Ekupheleni kuka-1995, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) eqokwe ngoMashi 24th njengosuku lomhlaba wonke.
1 Ukuqonda isifo sofuba
Isifo sofuba (i-TB) yisifo esingamahlalakhona, esibizwa nangokuthi "Isifo Sokusetshenziswa". Kuyisifo esithe xaxa esiguqukayo esidala esibangelwa yi-Mycobacterium Tuberculosing ehlasela umzimba womuntu. Akuthintwa yiminyaka yobudala, ubulili, ubuhlanga, umsebenzi kanye nesifunda. Izitho eziningi nezinhlelo zomzimba womuntu zingahlushwa isifo sofuba, phakathi kwazo isifo sofuba zivame kakhulu.
Isifo sofuba yisifo esingenakuthathela esidalwa yi-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, esihlasela izitho zomzimba wonke wonke. Ngoba indawo yokutheleleka ejwayelekile ingamaphaphu, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isifo sofuba.
Ngaphezu kwe-90% yokutheleleka kwesifo sofuba kudluliselwa ngepheshana lokuphefumula. Iziguli ze-Tuberculosis zitheleleke ngokukhwehlela, ukushushuluza, okwenza imisindo enkulu, okwenza amaconsi ngesifo sofuba (ebizwa nge-microdroplets) ukuze akhishwe emzimbeni futhi afakwe ngaphakathi kwabantu abaphilile.
Ukwelashwa 2 kweziguli zesifo sofuba
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuyitshe le-Tuberculosis Treatment. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokutheleleka kwamagciwane, ukwelashwa isifo sofuba kungathatha isikhathi eside. Okwesifo sofuba esisebenzayo, izidakamizwa zokulwa nesifo sofuba kumele zithathwe okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6 kuye kwezingu-9. Izidakamizwa ezithile kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa kuncike eminyakeni yesiguli, impilo yonke kanye nokumelana nezidakamizwa.
Lapho iziguli zimelana nezidakamizwa zomugqa wokuqala, kufanele zifakwe esikhundleni sezidakamizwa zomugqa wesibili. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba ezingenakuphikiswa ezingenamithi zifaka i-isoniazid (INH), iRifampicin (RFP), i-ethambutol (eb), i-Pyrazinamide (i-SM) ne-Streptomycin (SM). Lezi zidakamizwa ezinhlanu zibizwa ngokuthi izidakamizwa zomugqa wokuqala futhi zisebenza ngaphezu kwama-80% weziguli ezisanda kutheleleka ze-pulmonary turmonary turmonus.
3 Umbuzo wesifo sofuba kanye nempendulo
Q: Ngabe isifo sofuba singalashwa?
A: 90% yeziguli ezine-pulmonary Tuberculosis zingalashwa ngemuva kokugcizelela imishanguzo ejwayelekile futhi ziqedele inkambo ebekiwe yokwelashwa (izinyanga eziyi-6-9). Noma yiluphi ushintsho ekwelashweni kufanele lunqunywe udokotela. Uma ungawuthathi umuthi ngesikhathi bese uqedela inkambo yokwelashwa, kuzoholela kalula ekulweni nezidakamizwa zesifo sofuba. Lapho nje ukumelana nemithi kwenzeka, inkambo yokwelashwa izokhula isikhathi eside futhi izoholela ekuhlulekeni kokwelashwa kalula.
Q: Yini okufanele iziguli zesifo sofuba zinaka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
A: Uma usutholakala unesifo sofuba, kufanele uthole ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwesifo sofuba ngokushesha okukhulu, landela izeluleko zikadokotela, uthathe umuthi ngesikhathi, hlola njalo futhi wakhe ukuzethemba. 1. Nakisisa ukuphumula nokuqinisa ukondleka; 2. Naka ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, bese umboza umlomo nekhala ngamathawula wephepha lapho ukhwehlela noma uthukuthela; 3. Ukunciphisa ukuphuma nokugqoka imaskhi lapho kufanele uphume.
Q: Ingabe isifo sofuba sisathathelana ngemuva kokulashwa?
A: Ngemuva kokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukuthentileka kweziguli ze-pulmonary tuberculosis kuvame ukwehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa ukwelashwa, inani lamagciwane isifo sofuba eSputum lizoncishiswa kakhulu. Iningi leziguli ezinesifo sofuba pulmonary pulmonary esingenakuthelela zigcwalisa yonke inkambo yokwelashwa ngokohlelo lokuthola lokwelashwa olubekiwe. Ngemuva kokufinyelela ezindinganisweni zokulapha, awekho amagciwane wesifo sofuba angatholakala kwi-sputum, ngakho-ke awasathathi.
Q: Ingabe isifo sofuba sisathathelana ngemuva kokulashwa?
A: Ngemuva kokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukuthentileka kweziguli ze-pulmonary tuberculosis kuvame ukwehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa ukwelashwa, inani lamagciwane isifo sofuba eSputum lizoncishiswa kakhulu. Iningi leziguli ezinesifo sofuba pulmonary pulmonary esingenakuthelela zigcwalisa yonke inkambo yokwelashwa ngokohlelo lokuthola lokwelashwa olubekiwe. Ngemuva kokufinyelela ezindinganisweni zokulapha, awekho amagciwane wesifo sofuba angatholakala kwi-sputum, ngakho-ke awasathathi.
Isixazululo sesifo sofuba
IMacro & Micro-Test inikeza imikhiqizo elandelayo:
Ukutholwa kweI-MTB (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis) I-nucleic acid
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yangaphakathi ohlelweni kungaqonda kahle inqubo yokuhlola futhi kuqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
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3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Umkhawulo wokutholwa okuncane yi-bacteria / ml.
Ukutholwa kweIsoniazid ukumelana ne-MTB
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yangaphakathi ohlelweni kungaqonda kahle inqubo yokuhlola futhi kuqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
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3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Umkhawulo wokutholwa okuncane ngu-1000 bacterium / ml, kanye nezingqinamba ezingamelana nezidakamizwa ezingahambisani nezidakamizwa ezinama-1% noma ngaphezulu ama-surant ahlukahlukene angatholwa.
4. Ukucacisa okuphezulu: Akukho ukusabela kwesiphambano nokuguqulwa kwe (511, 516, 526 no-531) amasayithi amane okumelana nezidakamizwa ze-RPOB Gene.
Ukutholwa kwezinguquko zeI-MTB ne-Rifampicin Ukumelana
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yangaphakathi ohlelweni kungaqonda kahle inqubo yokuhlola futhi kuqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Indlela yokuncibilika yejika ehlanganiswe ngophenyo oluvaliwe lwe-fluorescent equkethe izisekelo ze-RNA zisetshenziselwe ukutholwa kwe-amplifish ye-vitro.
I-3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Umkhawulo wokutholwa okuncane ngu-50 bacteria / ml.
I-4. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukusabela kwesiphambano ngohlobo lomuntu, amanye ama-mocobacteria anonya ama-mycobacterias ne-pneumonia pathogens; Izindawo zokuguqulwa kwezinye izinhlobo zofuzo ezingamelana nezidakamizwa ze-MyCobacterium Tuberculosis, njenge-Katg 315g> c \ a ne-Inya -15 c> t, kwatholakala, futhi imiphumela yakhombisa ukusabela okuphambano.
Ukutholwa kwe-MTB Nucleic Acid (Epiya)
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yangaphakathi ohlelweni kungaqonda kahle inqubo yokuhlola futhi kuqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. I-Exyme Digest Propen CREE CREATE CREUNTS yokushisa yokulinganisa indlela ye-Akhawunti iyamukelwa, futhi isikhathi sokutholwa sifushane, futhi umphumela wokutholwa ungatholwa ngemizuzu engama-30.
I-3. Kuhlanganiswe ne-ejenti ye-macro & micro-test ekhishwe i-ejenti kanye ne-macro & micro-test lokushisa lokushisa le-nucleic aclification analyzer, kulula ukusebenza futhi kufanelekile izigcawu ezahlukahlukene.
4. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: Umkhawulo wokutholwa okuncane yi-1000Copies / ML.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-22-2024