Ekupheleni kuka-1995, iNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) yaqoka uMashi 24 njengoSuku Lomhlaba LweSifo Sofuba.
1 Ukuqonda isifo sofuba
I-Tuberculosis (TB) yisifo esingalapheki sokudla, esibizwa nangokuthi "isifo sokusebenzisa".Kuyisifo esithathelanayo esingapheli esibangelwa isifo sofuba se-mycobacterium esihlasela umzimba womuntu.Akuthintwa iminyaka, ubulili, uhlanga, umsebenzi kanye nesifunda.Izitho eziningi nezinhlelo zomzimba womuntu zingaphathwa isifo sofuba, phakathi kwazo isifo sofuba esivame kakhulu.
Isifo sofuba isifo esithathelwanayo esingalapheki esibangelwa isifo sofuba iMycobacterium, esihlasela izitho zomzimba wonke.Ngenxa yokuthi indawo evamile yokutheleleka ngamaphaphu, ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi isifo sofuba.
Ngaphezu kwe-90% yesifo sofuba sisakazwa ngemigudu yokuphefumula.Iziguli ezinesifo sofuba zingenwa ukukhwehlela, ukuthimula, ukwenza umsindo omkhulu, okubangela amaconsi anesifo sofuba (ngokwezokwelapha okubizwa ngokuthi ama-microdroplets) ukuba akhishwe emzimbeni futhi ahogele abantu abanempilo.
2 Ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinesifo sofuba
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside.Ngesifo sofuba samaphaphu esisebenzayo, izidakamizwa zokulwa nesifo sofuba kufanele ziphuzwe okungenani izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyi-9.Imithi ethile kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa kuncike eminyakeni yesiguli, impilo iyonke kanye nokungazweli emuthini.
Uma iziguli zingazweli emishanguzweni yomugqa wokuqala, kufanele zishintshwe yimithi yomugqa wesibili.Imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha isifo sofuba samaphaphu esingazweli emithini ihlanganisa i-isoniazid (INH), i-rifampicin (RFP), i-ethambutol (EB), i-pyrazinamide (PZA) ne-streptomycin (SM).Le mithi emihlanu ibizwa ngemithi yomugqa wokuqala futhi iyasebenza ezigulini ezisanda kutheleleka zesifo sofuba samaphaphu ezingaphezu kuka-80%.
3 Umbuzo nempendulo yesifo sofuba
Umbuzo: Ingabe isifo sofuba singelapheka?
A: I-90% yeziguli ezinesifo sofuba samaphaphu zingelapheka ngemva kokuphikelela emithini evamile futhi ziqedele inkambo yokwelashwa enqunyiwe (izinyanga ezingu-6-9).Noma yiluphi ushintsho ekwelashweni kufanele lunqunywe udokotela.Uma ungawuphuzi ngesikhathi umuthi bese uqeda inkambo yokwelashwa, lokho kungaholela kalula ekwandeni kwesifo sofuba emuthini.Uma ukungezwani nomuthi kwenzeka, inkambo yokwelashwa izokwelulwa futhi izoholela kalula ekuhlulekeni kokwelashwa.
Umbuzo: Yini okufanele iziguli ezinesifo sofuba zinake lapho zelashwa?
IMPENDULO: Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sofuba, kufanele uthole ukwelashelwa isifo sofuba ngokushesha, ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela, uphuze imithi ngesikhathi, uhlole njalo futhi wakhe ukuzethemba.1. Naka ukuphumula futhi uqinise umsoco;2. Naka inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, futhi uvale umlomo nekhala ngamathawula ephepha lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula;3. Nciphisa ukuphuma futhi ugqoke imaski lapho kufanele uphume.
Umbuzo: Ingabe isifo sofuba sisathelelana ngemva kokwelashwa?
A: Ngemva kokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukutheleleka kweziguli zesifo sofuba samaphaphu ngokuvamile kuncipha ngokushesha.Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okwelashwa, inani lamagciwane esifo sofuba esikhwehlela lizoncishiswa kakhulu.Iziguli eziningi ezinesifo sofuba samaphaphu esingatheleleki ziqeda yonke inkambo yokwelashwa ngokohlelo lokwelashwa olunqunyiwe.Ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokwelapha, awekho amagciwane esifo sofuba angatholakala esikhwehlela, ngakho awasatheleleki.
Umbuzo: Ingabe isifo sofuba sisathelelana ngemva kokwelashwa?
A: Ngemva kokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukutheleleka kweziguli zesifo sofuba samaphaphu ngokuvamile kuncipha ngokushesha.Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okwelashwa, inani lamagciwane esifo sofuba esikhwehlela lizoncishiswa kakhulu.Iziguli eziningi ezinesifo sofuba samaphaphu esingatheleleki ziqeda yonke inkambo yokwelashwa ngokohlelo lokwelashwa olunqunyiwe.Ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokwelapha, awekho amagciwane esifo sofuba angatholakala esikhwehlela, ngakho awasatheleleki.
Isixazululo sesifo sofuba
I-Macro & Micro-Test inikeza imikhiqizo elandelayo:
Ukutholwa kweI-MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) i-nucleic acid
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yereferensi yangaphakathi kusistimu kungaqapha ngokugcwele inqubo yokuhlola futhi kuqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Ukukhulisa i-PCR kanye ne-fluorescent probe kungahlanganiswa.
3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: umkhawulo omncane wokutholwa yibhaktheriya elingu-1 /mL.
Ukutholwa kweukumelana ne-isoniazid ku-MTB
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yereferensi yangaphakathi kusistimu kungaqapha ngokugcwele inqubo yokuhlola futhi kuqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Isistimu yokuguqula i-amplification-blocking yokuzithuthukisa yamukelwa, futhi indlela yokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-ARMS ne-fluorescent probe yamukelwa.
3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: umkhawulo omncane wokuthola amabhaktheriya ayi-1000 /mL, futhi izinhlobo ezingalingani ezimelana nezidakamizwa ezino-1% noma ngaphezulu izinhlobo eziguquguqukayo zingatholwa.
4. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukusabela okuphambene nokuguqulwa kwe-(511, 516, 526 kanye ne-531) yezindawo ezine zokumelana nezidakamizwa zofuzo lwe-rpoB.
Ukutholwa Kwezinguquko ZeI-MTB kanye ne-Rifampicin Resistance
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yereferensi yangaphakathi kusistimu kungaqapha ngokugcwele inqubo yokuhlola futhi kuqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Indlela yejika elincibilikayo ehlanganiswe ne-fluorescent probe equkethe izisekelo ze-RNA isetshenziselwe ukutholwa kokukhulisa i-in vitro.
3. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: umkhawulo omncane wokuthola amabhaktheriya angu-50 /mL.
4. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: akukho ukusabela okuphambene ne-genome yomuntu, amanye ama-mycobacteria angenayo i-nontuberculous kanye ne-pneumonia;Iziza zokuguqulwa kwezinye izakhi zofuzo ezimelana nomuthi ze-wild-type mycobacterium tuberculosis, njenge-katG 315G>C\A kanye ne-InhA -15 C>T, zitholiwe, futhi imiphumela ayizange ibonise ukusabela okuphambene.
Ukutholwa kwe-nucleic acid ye-MTB (EPIA)
1. Ukwethulwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yereferensi yangaphakathi kusistimu kungaqapha ngokugcwele inqubo yokuhlola futhi kuqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlola.
2. Indlela yokukhulisa izinga lokushisa kwe-enzyme yokugaya ukudla njalo iyamukelwa, futhi isikhathi sokutholwa sifushane, futhi umphumela wokutholwa ungatholwa emizuzwini engama-30.
3. Kuhlanganiswe ne-ejenti yokukhishwa kwesampula ye-Macro & Micro-Test kanye ne-Macro & Micro-Test engaguquki izinga lokushisa le-nucleic acid amplification analyzer, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ifanele izigcawu ezihlukahlukene.
4. Ukuzwela okuphezulu: umkhawulo omncane wokutholwa ngu-1000Copies/mL.
5. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho ukusabela okuphambene namanye ama-mycobacteria e-non-tuberculosis mycobacteria complex (njenge-Mycobacterium kansas, i-Mycobacterium Sukarnica, i-Mycobacterium marinum, njll.) namanye amagciwane (afana ne-Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, njll. .).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-22-2024